hypothalamus

controls everything (making these hormones)

pituitary gland connects where?

the thalamus

thyroid

very big with metabolism

parathyroid

controlling calcium levels

beta cells

secreting insulin

alpha cells

producing glucagon

reproductive are hormones involved (T/F)

TRUE

anterior pituitary

producing ACTH, GH, TSH

PRO ATHLETES GOT TO GROW

• PROLACTIN
• ACTH
• GONADOTROPINS-FSH,LH
• TSH
• GROWTH HORMONE

POSTERIOR PITUITARY

ADH AND OXYTOCIN

-STORED AND RELEASED IN THE HYPOTHALAMUS

THYROID GLANDS

Producing T3 and T4 and calcitonin

-iodine and protein is needed to synthesize thyroid hormones

parathyroid

has to have equal CA levels.

-if CA goes down PTH goes down

-if CA goes up PTH goes up

calcatonin

is released from the thyroid

-calcitonin decreases CA levels

adrenal medulla

secretes epinephrine (fight or flight)

norepinephrine (keep blood pressure up) in responses from the sympathetic nervous system

adrenal cortex

secretes corticosteroid , mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) and glucocorticoids (cortisol)

minerlocorticoids

sodium and water balance

Glucocorticoids

blood sugar goes up

endocrine problems?

24 hour urine

functions of the pancreas

• pancreas is only gland in the body that is both endocrine and exocrine

exocrine

secretes through a duct to the target tissue

endocrine

secretes into the bloodstream

cortisol

raised with stress levels

hypothyroidism

think COLD

Hyperthyroidism

think WEIGHT LOSS

PROLACTIN

produced by anterior pituitary and FSH

Insulin

lower blood sugar and beta cells are producing insulin to lower blood sugar

glucogon

alpha cell

thyroid

metabolism decreases as you age

-older women decrease in estrogen

-men decrease in testosterone

-slowing of metabolism for aging

body processes the endocrine system is involved in

• regulation of metabolism
• growth rate
• physical development
• sexual function
• reproduction
• fluid balance

what is it called if a hormone is not needed?

negative feedback

primary dysfunction

• hyper secretion ( over secretion)
• hyopsecretion (under secretion)
• tumors and inflammation

secondary dysfunction

medication, trauma, hormone therapy

-temporary or permanent

urine test

24 hours ( get rid of first sample )

-keep in fridge or on ice

ultrasound

Thyroid

MRI'S

tumors

stimulation test

hormone is injected to stimulate gland

suppression test

opposite of stimulating tests

thyroid panel measures the following

TSH, T3, T4, (non-fasting)

random blood glucose

given right after meal

hemoglobin a1c

blood draw level greater than 6.5%

hemoglobin

measures blood glucose levels over a period of 6-8 weeks

-NPO before test

normal a1c

less than 5.7%

master gland

pituitary gland

thyroid

produces T3+T4

PARATHYROID

RELEASES PARATHYROID

Adrenals

sits on top of the kidneys

blood glucose?

panaceas

produces ADH

posterior

insulin and glucose

PANCREAS

LOW CALCIUM LEVELS

PARATHYROID WILL BE RELEASED