testosterone

responsible for normal development and maintenance of primary and secondary male sex characteristics

development of bone and muscle tissue

• inhibition of protein catabolism (metabolic breakdown)
• retention of carious electrolytes (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium)
• stimulates the production of blood cells

ANDROGEN'S

-anabolic steroids

anabolic activity: synthesis of tissue and increasing tissue formation

• schedule 3, great potential for tissue by athletes
• oxymetholone (anadrol-50)
• oxandrolone (oxandrin)
• nandrolone (deca-durabolin)

androgens

-anabolic steroids: approved indications

adjunctive therapy to promote weight gain after extensive surgery, trauma, chronic diseases, anemia, hereditary angioedema, and metastatic breast cancer

androgens

-anabolic steroids: great potential for misuse

• serious consequences: sterility, cardiovascular diseases, and liver cancer
• misuse of these drugs can lead to psychological or physical dependence or both

androgens

-danazol (danocrine)

• synthetic androgen is danazol (danocrine)
• use: treatment or hereditary angioedema, and, in women, endometriosis and fibrocystic breast disease

androgens

-mechanism of action

• effects are similar to the body's endogenous androgens
• stimulate increased synthesis of body proteins, aiding in the formation of muscular and skeletal proteins
• enhanced erythropoiesis production by the kidneys
• stimulate normal growth and development of the male sex organs (primary sex characteristics)

alpha-adrenergic blockers

• used for symptomatic relief of obstruction caused by BPH
• doxazosin (cardura)
• tamsulosin (flomax)
• terazosin (hytrin)
• alfuzosin (uroxatral)
• silodosin (rapaflo)

drug therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia

• alpha-1 adrenergic blocking agents alfuzosin and tamsulosin are used to relax smooth muscle of bladder and prostate.
• other alpha-1 adrenergic blocking agents are also used to treat hypertension

drug class: alpha-1 adrenergic blocking agents

BPH symptoms are similar to prostate cancer

action: block alpha-1 receptors on the prostate gland, causing muscle relaxation, allowing greater urinary outflow

alpha-1 - adrenergic blockers

• these drugs have clinical effects of prostate shrinkage immediately.
• 5-alpha reductase inhibitors may take up to 6 months of continual therapy for clinical effects of prostate shrinkage

antiandrogen agents

drug: dutasteride (avodart)

actions: inhibits enzyme 5-alpha reductase, reduce DHT levels

uses:treatment of symptoms of BPH, reduces risks of urinary retention, minimizes need surgery for BPH

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Not recommended for women with histories of endometrial cancer

conjugated estrogens(Premarin)

MOST COMMON

Estrogen: contraindications

undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding

• anything with estrogen always chose answer with bleeding and blood clots

Amenorrhea

absence of period

estrogen: interactions

decrease the activity of the oral anticoagulants

• smoking should be avoided-decrease effects of the estrogen and increase risk of thrombosis (blood clots)

contraceptive drugs: MOA

Prevent ovulation by inhibiting the release of gonadotropins and increasing uterine mucus viscosity resulting in decreased sperm movement and possible inhibition of implantation of fertilized egg

oral contraceptive's

prior to starting; pregnancy test needs to be preformed and negative

minipill

contains ONLY progestion

minipill-

what to teach your patient regarding this medication

if you miss a dose, take medication as soon as you notice

contraceptive drugs - pregnancy

known high risk for thromboembolic events

progestin's indication

• hormonal imbalance, fibroids, uterine cancer.
• prevention of threatened miscarriage

adverse effects of progestions

liver dysfunction, thrombophlebitis, thromboembolic disorders, such as PE

Megestrol - megace

can cause appetite stimulation and weight Gain

osteoporosis

the most common bone disease

female, postmenopausal women, hypogonadism, low body weight (slender body build), history of parental hip fracture, ethnic background (European or asian descent) have higher risk for osteoporosis

(T/F)

true

bisphosphonate

builders, can reverse lost bone mass and reduce fracture risk

alendronate (fosamax)

given once a week and has to sit up for at least 30 minutes and has to drink 8oz of water after

calcitonin (calcinar)

if patient has a salmon allergy; should NOT take

teriparatid (forteo)

stimulates bone formation

denosumab (prolia)

prevents bone resorption

raloxifene

decreases the effects of warfarin (anti-coagulant)

bisphosphonates

drug allergy, hypocalcemia, esophageal dysfunction, and the inability to sit or stand upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication

SERMS-

adverse effects

hot flashes, leg cramps

fertility drug: clomiphene

maturation of ovarian follicles is stimulated, leading to ovulation and increased chance of conception

menotropins

may also be given to men to stimulate spermatogenesis

diplopia

doubled vision

uterine stimulate

given to promote labor

• postpartum use: reduce the risk of postpartum hemorrhage, induction of therapeutic abortion

oxytocin (synthetic form)

used to induce labor or near full term gestation and to enhance labor when contractions are weak or ineffective

prostaglandins

used to induce labor by softening the cervix and enhancing uterine muscle tone

cytotec

think cervix

ergot alkaloids

increase force and frequency of uterine contractions

uterine stimulants (oxytocin)

• dont leave patient unattended, use IV pump
• monitor uterine contractions, fetal heart rate and rhythm, observe for fetal distress.
• overdose may cause hyper stimulation of the uterus