A class lowers glucose by activating AMPK:
A. Sulfonylureas
B. Biguanides
C. SGLT2 inhibitors
D. TZDs

B. Biguanides

A class improves insulin sensitivity via PPAR-γ:
A. DPP-4 inhibitors
B. Sulfonylureas
C. Biguanides
D. TZDs

D. TZDs

A class blunts postprandial spikes by delaying carb digestion:
A. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
B. DPP-4 inhibitors
C. TZDs
D. Sulfonylureas

A. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A class causes glycosuria by blocking PT reabsorption:
A. Sulfonylureas
B. Biguanides
C. SGLT2 inhibitors
D. GLP-1 agonists

C. SGLT2 inhibitors

A class increases insulin and slows gastric emptying:
A. GLP-1 receptor agonists
B. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
C. Biguanides
D. TZDs

A. GLP-1 receptor agonists

A class prolongs incretin action by blocking degradation:
A. GLP-1 receptor agonists
B. SGLT2 inhibitors
C. Biguanides
D. DPP-4 inhibitors

D. DPP-4 inhibitors

The therapy most commonly causing hypoglycemia:
A. Biguanides
B. Insulin therapy
C. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
D. TZDs

B. Insulin therapy

A class triggers insulin release via KATP closure:
A. DPP-4 inhibitors
B. Biguanides
C. Sulfonylureas
D. SGLT2 inhibitors

C. Sulfonylureas

A class gives fast meal-time insulin release:
A. TZDs
B. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
C. Biguanides
D. Meglitinides

D. Meglitinides

“Euglycemic” class with rare hypoglycemia:
A. Biguanides
B. Sulfonylureas
C. Meglitinides
D. Insulin therapy

A. Biguanides

Class effect: fluid retention, worse with insulin:
A. SGLT2 inhibitors
B. Biguanides
C. TZDs
D. DPP-4 inhibitors

C. TZDs

Class adverse effects: flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal pain:
A. Biguanides
B. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
C. TZDs
D. GLP-1 agonists

B. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Class most linked to pancreatitis risk:
A. GLP-1 receptor agonists
B. DPP-4 inhibitors
C. Biguanides
D. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A. GLP-1 receptor agonists

Class most linked to URI/nasopharyngitis:
A. GLP-1 receptor agonists
B. Sulfonylureas
C. SGLT2 inhibitors
D. DPP-4 inhibitors

D. DPP-4 inhibitors

Class adverse effects: genital mycoses and UTIs:
A. DPP-4 inhibitors
B. SGLT2 inhibitors
C. TZDs
D. Biguanides

B. SGLT2 inhibitors

Class effect: modest LDL increase:
A. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
B. DPP-4 inhibitors
C. SGLT2 inhibitors
D. GLP-1 agonists

C. SGLT2 inhibitors

Class linked to decreased bone mineral density:
A. SGLT2 inhibitors
B. TZDs
C. Biguanides
D. Sulfonylureas

A. SGLT2 inhibitors

Class avoided in type 1 and ketosis-prone:
A. DPP-4 inhibitors
B. GLP-1 agonists
C. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
D. SGLT2 inhibitors

D. SGLT2 inhibitors

Class lowers glucagon and slows gastric emptying:
A. DPP-4 inhibitors
B. GLP-1 agonists
C. Amylin analogs
D. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

C. Amylin analogs

Injectable used for severe hypoglycemia rescue:
A. Rapid-acting insulin analogs
B. Glucagon
C. Biguanides
D. TZDs

B. Glucagon

Contraindicated in pheochromocytoma:
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin therapy
C. GLP-1 agonists
D. SGLT2 inhibitors

A. Glucagon

Used to treat β-blocker overdose bradycardia:
A. Pramlintide
B. Sitagliptin
C. Acarbose
D. Glucagon

D. Glucagon

First-line class for type 2 diabetes:
A. Sulfonylureas
B. Biguanides
C. TZDs
D. DPP-4 inhibitors

B. Biguanides

Class increases adiponectin, lowers resistin:
A. Biguanides
B. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
C. TZDs
D. Sulfonylureas

C. TZDs

Brush-border enzyme inhibition to reduce post-meal spikes:
A. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
B. GLP-1 agonists
C. DPP-4 inhibitors
D. SGLT2 inhibitors

A. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Contraindicated with MEN2 or medullary thyroid cancer:
A. DPP-4 inhibitors
B. SGLT2 inhibitors
C. Sulfonylureas
D. GLP-1 receptor agonists

D. GLP-1 receptor agonists

Class suppresses glucagon and reduces islet apoptosis:
A. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
B. DPP-4 inhibitors
C. GLP-1 receptor agonists
D. Biguanides

C. GLP-1 receptor agonists

Class MOA: prevents GLP-1 breakdown:
A. GLP-1 agonists
B. DPP-4 inhibitors
C. SGLT2 inhibitors
D. TZDs

B. DPP-4 inhibitors

Suffix “-glutide” indicates:
A. Sulfonylurea
B. DPP-4 inhibitor
C. SGLT2 inhibitor
D. GLP-1 receptor agonist

D. GLP-1 receptor agonist

Suffix “-liptin” indicates:
A. DPP-4 inhibitor
B. GLP-1 agonist
C. TZD
D. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

A. DPP-4 inhibitor

Suffix “-flozin” indicates:
A. GLP-1 agonist
B. SGLT2 inhibitor
C. Biguanide
D. Sulfonylurea

B. SGLT2 inhibitor

Class reduces post-meal glucose by delaying absorption:
A. TZDs
B. Biguanides
C. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
D. SGLT2 inhibitors

C. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Class adverse effects: GI upset and B12 deficiency:
A. Biguanides
B. TZDs
C. DPP-4 inhibitors
D. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A. Biguanides

Class risk: lactic acidosis with kidney disease:
A. TZDs
B. Sulfonylureas
C. SGLT2 inhibitors
D. Biguanides

D. Biguanides

Secretagogue class requiring functional beta cells:
A. Biguanides
B. SGLT2 inhibitors
C. Sulfonylureas
D. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

C. Sulfonylureas

Class increases GLUT1/GLUT4 expression:
A. DPP-4 inhibitors
B. TZDs
C. SGLT2 inhibitors
D. Biguanides

B. TZDs

Class lowers glucose via enterohepatic interruption:
A. GLP-1 agonists
B. DPP-4 inhibitors
C. TZDs
D. Bile acid sequestrants

D. Bile acid sequestrants

Class is a dopamine agonist for modest HbA1c drop:
A. Dopamine agonists
B. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
C. GLP-1 agonists
D. SGLT2 inhibitors

A. Dopamine agonists

Insulin pumps most commonly use:
A. Long-acting insulin analogs
B. Rapid-acting insulin analogs
C. NPH insulin
D. Premixed insulin only

B. Rapid-acting insulin analogs

“Peakless” basal insulin category:
A. Rapid-acting insulin analogs
B. Regular insulin
C. Long-acting insulin analogs
D. NPH insulin

C. Long-acting insulin analogs

Insulin lispro is a:
A. Long insulin analog
B. Intermediate insulin
C. Rapid insulin analog
D. Biguanide

C. Rapid insulin analog

Insulin glargine is a:
A. Long insulin analog
B. Rapid insulin analog
C. Intermediate insulin
D. DPP-4 inhibitor

A. Long insulin analog

Regular insulin is a:
A. Rapid insulin analog
B. Long insulin analog
C. Intermediate insulin
D. Short-acting insulin

D. Short-acting insulin

NPH insulin is a:
A. Long insulin analog
B. Intermediate insulin
C. Rapid insulin analog
D. Short-acting insulin

B. Intermediate insulin

Afrezza is a:
A. Inhaled rapid insulin
B. Long insulin analog
C. TZD
D. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

A. Inhaled rapid insulin

A premixed insulin labeled “70/30” most commonly contains which combination?
A. Lispro plus glargine
B. Aspart plus detemir
C. Glulisine plus degludec
D. NPH plus regular

D. NPH plus regular

Which is a rapid insulin analog?
A. Insulin glargine
B. Insulin aspart
C. NPH insulin
D. Regular insulin

B. Insulin aspart

Which is a rapid insulin analog?
A. Insulin detemir
B. Insulin degludec
C. Insulin glulisine
D. NPH insulin

C. Insulin glulisine

Long-acting analog with >42h action:
A. Insulin glargine
B. Insulin detemir
C. NPH insulin
D. Insulin degludec

D. Insulin degludec

Insulin detemir is a:
A. Long insulin analog
B. Rapid insulin analog
C. Short-acting insulin
D. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

A. Long insulin analog

Tolbutamide is a:
A. Sulfonylurea 2nd gen
B. Sulfonylurea 1st gen
C. Meglitinide analog
D. DPP-4 inhibitor

B. Sulfonylurea 1st gen

Chlorpropamide is a:
A. Meglitinide analog
B. Sulfonylurea 2nd gen
C. Sulfonylurea 1st gen
D. Biguanide

C. Sulfonylurea 1st gen

Which is a 2nd-gen sulfonylurea?
A. Glyburide
B. Tolazamide
C. Repaglinide
D. Metformin

A. Glyburide

Glipizide is a:
A. Sulfonylurea 1st gen
B. Meglitinide analog
C. DPP-4 inhibitor
D. Sulfonylurea 2nd gen

D. Sulfonylurea 2nd gen

Glimepiride is a:
A. Sulfonylurea 1st gen
B. Biguanide
C. Sulfonylurea 2nd gen
D. GLP-1 agonist

C. Sulfonylurea 2nd gen

Acetohexamide is a:
A. Sulfonylurea 2nd gen
B. Sulfonylurea 1st gen
C. TZD
D. SGLT2 inhibitor

B. Sulfonylurea 1st gen

Gliclazide is a:
A. Sulfonylurea 1st gen
B. Meglitinide analog
C. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
D. Sulfonylurea 2nd gen

D. Sulfonylurea 2nd gen

Tolazamide is a:
A. Sulfonylurea 1st gen
B. Sulfonylurea 2nd gen
C. DPP-4 inhibitor
D. SGLT2 inhibitor

A. Sulfonylurea 1st gen

Repaglinide is a:
A. Sulfonylurea 2nd gen
B. D-phenylalanine derivative
C. Meglitinide analog
D. Biguanide

C. Meglitinide analog

Nateglinide is a:
A. Meglitinide analog
B. D-phenylalanine derivative
C. Sulfonylurea 1st gen
D. GLP-1 agonist

B. D-phenylalanine derivative

Mitiglinide is a:
A. Meglitinide analog
B. DPP-4 inhibitor
C. Biguanide
D. TZD

A. Meglitinide analog

Metformin is a:
A. GLP-1 agonist
B. Sulfonylurea 2nd gen
C. SGLT2 inhibitor
D. Biguanide

D. Biguanide

Pioglitazone is a:
A. Biguanide
B. TZD
C. GLP-1 agonist
D. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

B. TZD

Rosiglitazone is a:
A. DPP-4 inhibitor
B. SGLT2 inhibitor
C. TZD
D. Meglitinide analog

C. TZD

Acarbose is a:
A. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
B. TZD
C. DPP-4 inhibitor
D. SGLT2 inhibitor

A. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

Miglitol is a:
A. GLP-1 agonist
B. DPP-4 inhibitor
C. Biguanide
D. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

D. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

Exenatide is a:
A. DPP-4 inhibitor
B. SGLT2 inhibitor
C. GLP-1 agonist
D. Sulfonylurea 1st gen

C. GLP-1 agonist

Liraglutide is a:
A. DPP-4 inhibitor
B. GLP-1 agonist
C. TZD
D. Biguanide

B. GLP-1 agonist

Albiglutide is a:
A. DPP-4 inhibitor
B. Biguanide
C. Sulfonylurea 2nd gen
D. GLP-1 agonist

D. GLP-1 agonist

Dulaglutide is a:
A. GLP-1 agonist
B. DPP-4 inhibitor
C. SGLT2 inhibitor
D. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

A. GLP-1 agonist

Sitagliptin is a:
A. GLP-1 agonist
B. DPP-4 inhibitor
C. SGLT2 inhibitor
D. TZD

B. DPP-4 inhibitor

Saxagliptin is a:
A. Sulfonylurea 2nd gen
B. GLP-1 agonist
C. DPP-4 inhibitor
D. Meglitinide analog

C. DPP-4 inhibitor

Linagliptin is a:
A. DPP-4 inhibitor
B. GLP-1 agonist
C. SGLT2 inhibitor
D. Biguanide

A. DPP-4 inhibitor

Alogliptin is a:
A. GLP-1 agonist
B. TZD
C. Sulfonylurea 1st gen
D. DPP-4 inhibitor

D. DPP-4 inhibitor

Vildagliptin is a:
A. GLP-1 agonist
B. DPP-4 inhibitor
C. SGLT2 inhibitor
D. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

B. DPP-4 inhibitor

Empagliflozin is a:
A. DPP-4 inhibitor
B. GLP-1 agonist
C. SGLT2 inhibitor
D. Biguanide

C. SGLT2 inhibitor

Canagliflozin is a:
A. SGLT2 inhibitor
B. DPP-4 inhibitor
C. TZD
D. Sulfonylurea 2nd gen

A. SGLT2 inhibitor

Dapagliflozin is a:
A. GLP-1 agonist
B. TZD
C. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
D. SGLT2 inhibitor

D. SGLT2 inhibitor

Pramlintide is a:
A. GLP-1 agonist
B. DPP-4 inhibitor
C. Amylin analog
D. SGLT2 inhibitor

C. Amylin analog

Colesevelam is a:
A. Dopamine agonist
B. Bile acid sequestrant
C. Biguanide
D. Sulfonylurea 1st gen

B. Bile acid sequestrant

Bromocriptine is a:
A. Biguanide
B. TZD
C. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
D. Dopamine agonist

D. Dopamine agonist

Glucagon is a:
A. Counterregulatory hormone drug
B. Biguanide
C. SGLT2 inhibitor
D. GLP-1 agonist

A. Counterregulatory hormone drug

Diazoxide is a:
A. Sulfonylurea 2nd gen
B. Insulin release inhibitor
C. Biguanide
D. GLP-1 agonist

B. Insulin release inhibitor

Phenytoin is a:
A. DPP-4 inhibitor
B. Meglitinide analog
C. Insulin release inhibitor
D. TZD

C. Insulin release inhibitor

Vinblastine is a:
A. Insulin release inhibitor
B. GLP-1 agonist
C. SGLT2 inhibitor
D. Sulfonylurea 1st gen

A. Insulin release inhibitor

Colchicine is a:
A. DPP-4 inhibitor
B. TZD
C. Biguanide
D. Insulin release inhibitor

D. Insulin release inhibitor

Which pair are rapid insulin analogs?
A. Glargine and detemir
B. NPH and regular
C. Lispro and aspart
D. Degludec and NPH

C. Lispro and aspart

Which pair are DPP-4 inhibitors?
A. Exenatide and liraglutide
B. Sitagliptin and saxagliptin
C. Canagliflozin and metformin
D. Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone

B. Sitagliptin and saxagliptin

Which pair are alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?
A. Acarbose and miglitol
B. Metformin and pioglitazone
C. Repaglinide and nateglinide
D. Empagliflozin and sitagliptin

A. Acarbose and miglitol

Tolbutamide and tolazamide are:
A. Meglitinide analogs
B. TZDs
C. Sulfonylureas 1st gen
D. DPP-4 inhibitors

C. Sulfonylureas 1st gen

Glyburide and glipizide are:
A. Sulfonylureas 1st gen
B. Meglitinide analogs
C. Biguanides
D. Sulfonylureas 2nd gen

D. Sulfonylureas 2nd gen

Repaglinide belongs to:
A. Sulfonylurea 2nd gen
B. Meglitinide analog
C. GLP-1 agonist
D. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

B. Meglitinide analog