What is the integument formed by?

skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil glands

What are the layers of the skin?

Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis

What is the epidermis (stratum corneum) and what defenses does it provide?

• A thick layer of epithelial cells, packed w/ keratin giving the cells the ability to withstand damage and abrasion.
• Lipids are packed b/t cells giving them water-repelling properties
• It is replaced entirely every 25-45 days
• It contains a basal layer which is the source for all the cells making up the epidermis

What is the dermis and what defenses does it provide?

• Composed of connective tissue w/ a rich matrix of fibroblast cells and fibers like collagen. It harbors a dense network of nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels w/ damage causing the dermis to bleed.
• Blisters form as a result of friction trauma or burns, leading the dermis and epidermis to separate.
• Defenses include follicles, sweat gland, sebum, sweat, and lysozyme
• Antimicrobial peptides are also a defense BUT they are in both the dermis and epidermis

The defenses of the skin include:

• keratinized surface: creates water resistant barrier
• sloughing: continuous shedding of dead skin cells
• follicles: root of hairs containing sebaceous (oil) and scent glands
• sweat glands: separate from follicles, producing sweat w/ low pH and high salt concentration inhibiting microbes
• antimicrobial peptides: positive charged chemicals disrupt negatively charged bacteria membranes
• sebum: secreted by sebaceous gland creating low pH, high lipid concentration, and toxic by-product via fatty acids breakdown
• lysozyme: enzyme in sweat, tears and saliva that breaks down peptidoglycan

Which microbes make up the normal biota?

bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi, and protists/protozoa

Bulla

large (wide) vesicle

Cyst

raised lesion that is encapsulated and usually solid or semisolid

Macule

Maculopapular rash

Papule

Petechiae

Plaque

Purpura

Pustule

Scale

Vesicle

Staphylococcus aureus

• gram-positive coccus forming grape clusters, nonmotile and sturdiest of all non-endospore forming to withstand high salt, extremes in pH and high temps and viable after months of air drying.

MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) Skin and soft tissue infection

• Causative organism:
• Common modes of transmission:
• Virulence factors:
• Culture/Diagnosis:
• Symptoms:

Impetigo (Staphylococcus aureus)

• Causative organism:
• Common modes of transmission:
• Virulence factors:
• Culture/Diagnosis:
• Symptoms:

Impetigo (Streptococcus pyogenes)

• Causative organism:
• Common modes of transmission:
• Virulence factors:
• Culture/Diagnosis:
• Symptoms:

Cellulitis (MRSA)

• Causative organism:
• Common modes of transmission:
• Virulence factors:
• Culture/Diagnosis:
• Symptoms:

Cellulitis (Streptococcus pyogenes)

• Causative organism:
• Common modes of transmission:
• Virulence factors:
• Culture/Diagnosis:
• Symptoms:

Cellulitis (other bacteria or fungi)

• Causative organism:
• Common modes of transmission:
• Virulence factors:
• Culture/Diagnosis:
• Symptoms:

SSSS (Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome)

• Causative organism:
• Common modes of transmission:
• Virulence factors:
• Culture/Diagnosis:
• Symptoms:

Gas Gangrene

• Causative organism:
• Common modes of transmission:
• Virulence factors:
• Culture/Diagnosis:
• Symptoms:

Chickenpox

• Causative organism:
• Common modes of transmission:
• Virulence factors:
• Culture/Diagnosis:
• Symptoms:

Smallpox

• Causative organism:
• Common modes of transmission:
• Virulence factors:
• Culture/Diagnosis:
• Symptoms:

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease

• Causative organism:
• Common modes of transmission:
• Virulence factors:
• Culture/Diagnosis:
• Symptoms:

Measles (Rubeola)

• Causative organism:
• Common modes of transmission:
• Virulence factors:
• Culture/Diagnosis:
• Symptoms:

Rubella

• Causative organism:
• Common modes of transmission:
• Virulence factors:
• Culture/Diagnosis:
• Symptoms:

Fifth disease

• Causative organism:
• Common modes of transmission:
• Virulence factors:
• Culture/Diagnosis:
• Symptoms:

Roseola

• Causative organism:
• Common modes of transmission:
• Virulence factors:
• Culture/Diagnosis:
• Symptoms:

Warts and Wartlike Eruptions (human papillomaviruses)

• Causative organism:
• Common modes of transmission:
• Virulence factors:
• Culture/Diagnosis:
• Symptoms:

Warts and Wartlike Eruptions (Molluscum contagiosum viruses)

• Causative organism:
• Common modes of transmission:
• Virulence factors:
• Culture/Diagnosis:
• Symptoms:

• Causative organism:
• Common modes of transmission:
• Virulence factors:
• Culture/Diagnosis:
• Symptoms: