Element

the smallest unit that retains the unique chemical properties of that specific type of matter

Atoms

The smallest particles of elements that still maintain all the characteristics of that element

Two or more atoms joined together for a

molecule

Molecules with more than one type of element are known as

compounds

The human body is made of six major elements

oxygen 65%, carbon 18%, hydrogen 10%, nitrogen 3%, calcium 1.5%, and phosphorus 1%

The minor elements the human body is made of

potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium

Atoms consist of a

nucleus

nucleus contains protons that are

positively charged particles

nucleus contains neutrons that are

neutral particles

The nucleus is surrounded by

electrons, negatively charged particles

Acid

a chemical substance that can release hydrogen ions

Nucleus

control center of the cell

An atom +atom =

Molecule

Ions

Electrically charged atom

Acid

chemical substance when dissolved in water it releases hydrogen ions

Reacts with other atoms which can potentially harm the body

Hydrogen ions

Bases

Can accept hydrogen ions

PH

measures the concentration of hydrogen ions

Acidic

0-6.9

Neutral

7

Anything above 7 is considered

alkaline(basic)

8-9 is considered

slightly alkaline

10-11 is considered

moderately alkaline

12-14 is considered

strongly alkaline

The solute is

What is dissolved

The solvent is

the dissolver

Concentration is

amount of solute in solution

Isotonic

concentration is equal to surrounding environment

place cell in this solution it stays the same

NORMAL CONCENTRATION

Normal Saline

Hypotonic

concentration is weaker that surroundings

Place cell in this solution it will hemolyze(swell)

WEAK CONCENTRATION

Hypertonic

Concentration is stronger than surrounding

Place cell in this solution it will crenate(shrink)

STRONG CONCENTRATION

You would use an isotonic solution if someone needed

hydrating, when placing this in the vein it just makes more volume in the vein...Does not shift anywhere

Hypertonic Solutions would like to wish

lower the movement of water causing the fluid to shift out of the blood and into the cells and interstitial spaces

Water moves into the cell