Anatomy

is the study of form and structure of the body

Physiology

examines how the body functions

Form and Functions are interrelated

cytology

study of body cells and their internal strcuture

histology

study of tissue

gross (macroscopic) anatamoy

investigates structures visible to the unaided eye

form _____ and function _____ are interrelated

anatomy, physiology

form follow ______

function

a physiologist must understand ______ in order to understand function

anatomic structure

what are the characteristics of living things

1. organization
2. metabolism
3. growth and development
4. additional characteristics (responsiveness, homeostasis, reproduction)

organization

living things exhibit _________ structure and order

complex

metabolism

the sum of all ______ reactions in the body

chemical

anabolism

small molecules joined to form larger ones

catabolism

large molecules broken down into smaller ones

what happens if catabolism works harder than anabolism?

you will end up with a bunch of little pieces

organisms assimilate materials from the _______________

environment, grow and develop

example: food, nutrients

responsiveness

ability to sense and react to stimuli

example: temperature

regulation

ability to adjust internal bodily function to accommodate environment changes

homeostasis

ability to maintain stable structure and function

example: blood sugar, blood pressure

reproduction

production of new cells for growth, maintenance and repair

levels of organization (simplest to most complex)

1. chemical
2. cellular
3. tissue
4. organ
5. organ system
6. organismal

chemical level of organization

atoms and molecules

cellular level of organization

basic units of life

tissue level of organization

similar cells with common function

organ level of organization

two or more tissues working together

organ system level of organization

related organs working together

organismal level of organization

all systems functioning together

Anatomical Position- the standard reference position of the body

body is upright stance, feet parallel and flat, arms at the side of the body, palms facing anteriorly, head level and eyes looking forward

section

an actual cut or slice of the body

plane

a imaginary flat surface

coronal (frontal) plane

divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back)

transverse plane

divides body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom)

midsagittal plane

divides body into equal left and right halves (median/middle)

saggital plane

divides body into unequal portions

oblique plane

passes through the body at tan angle