bacillus anthracis causing anthrax

bacillus anthracis

gram-positive endospore-forming rod

aerobic and catalase positive

forms a tripartite toxin (edema factor, protective antigen, lethal factor)

staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae causing acute endocarditis

staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus

gram positive bacteria

yersinia pestis causing plague

yersinia pestis

gram-negative bacteria

borrelia burgdoferi causing lyme disease

borrelia burgdoferi

large spirochete with 3 to 10 irregularly spaced coils

evades the immune system by changing antigens

has multiple proteins for attachment to host cells

possible that immune response contributes to the pathology of the disease

bartonella henslae causing cat-scratch disease

bartonella henslae

small gram-negative rod, fastidious, will grow on blood agar

rickettsia species causing spotted fever rickettsiosis

rickettsia species

gram-negative bacteria

epstein-barr virus causing mono

epstein-barr virus

circular form of DNA

herpesviruses

latency

SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID

SARS-CoV-2

RNA virus

enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses with spike proteins

yellow fever disease

yellow fever virus

RNA virus

HIV disease

HIV

retrovirus

streptococcus mutans causing dental caries

streptococcus mutans

gram-positive bacteria

helicobacter pylori causing gastric ulcers

helicobacter pylori

gram-negative bacteria

acute diarrhea and food poisoning causative agents

salmonella, shigella, shiga toxin-producing E. coli, other E. coli, campylobacter, clostridioides difficile, vibrio cholerae, and non-cholera vibrio species

salmonella causing acute diarrhea

shigella causing acute diarrhea

shiga toxin-producing E. coli causing acute diarrhea

other E. coli causing acute diarrhea

campylobacter causing acute diarrhea

clostridioides difficiles causing acute diarrhea

vibrio cholerae causing acute diarrhea

non-cholera vibrio species causing acute diarrhea

non-bacterial causes of acute diarrhea

cryptosporidium, rotavirus, norovirus

clostridium perfringen causing acute diarrhea with vomiting

clostridium perfringen

gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria

hepatitis A disease table

hepatitis A

non-enveloped, single stranded RNA enterovirus

hepatitis B disease table

hepatitis B

enveloped DNA virus

transmitted by minute amounts of blood

hepatitis C disease table

hepatitis C

silent epidemic

RNA virus

schistosomas causing liver disease

schistosoma

helminths - trematodes

rotavirus

mumps disease table

mumps virus

single-stranded RNA virus from the paramyxovirus genus

giardia duodenalis causing chronic diarrhea

giardia duodenalis

flagellated protozoan

enterobius vermicularis disease table

enterobius vermicularis

pinworm

most common worm disease in children of temperate zones

taenia solium disease table

taenia solium

tapeworm

adults worms are up to 5 m long

fasciola hepatica causing liver and intestinal disease

fasciola hepatica

liver fluke common in sheep, cattle, goats, and other mammals

E. coli causing UTIs

mode of transmission - opportunism, transfer from GI tract (community-acquired) or environment (catheter)

culture/diagnosis - usually culture-based; antimicrobial susceptibilities always checked

prevention - hygiene practices; in case of CA-UTIs, limit catheter usage

chlamydia disease table

chlamydia trachomatis

gram-negative bacteria

obligate intracellular parasite

cell wall prevents phagosome - lysosome fusion

treponema pollidum causing syphilis

treponema pollidum

thin, regularly coiled cell with a gram-negative cell wall

hooked tip

neisseria gonorrhoaea disease table

neisseria gonorrhoeae

pyogenic, gram-negative diplococcus

use fimbriae to attach to mucosal epithelial cells

haemophilus ducreyi causing chancroid

haemophilus ducreyi

pleomorphic gram-negative rod

forms a soft chancre

herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 disease table

herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2

DNA viruses with icosahedral capsids and envelopes with glycoprotein spikes

becomes latent in ganglion

human papilomaviruses causing genital warts

infection may or may not result in warts; infection may result in malignancy

may cause laryngeal warts on fetus

candida albicans causing vaginitis

candida albicans

dimorphic fungus

normal biota of human mouth, GI tract, and vagina

trichomonas vaginalis causing vaginitis

trichomonas vaginalis

small, pear shaped protozoa

many cases are asymptomatic

schistosoma haematobium disease table

schistosoma haematobium

helminth - trematode