1. Which of the following is not one of the six antibody effector functions?

A. Neutralization

B. Complement activation

C. DNA repair

D. Opsonization

C. DNA repair

2. Which antibody isotype is most abundant in secretions and provides mucosal immunity?

A. IgE

B. IgA

C. IgG

D. IgM

B. IgA

3. Which antibody is involved in allergic reactions and defense against parasites?

A. IgG

B. IgA

C. IgE

D. IgD

C. IgE

4. Which antibody is pentameric and most effective at complement activation?

A. IgA

B. IgE

C. IgM

D. IgG

C. IgM

5. Which antibody is primarily membrane-bound and acts as a B-cell receptor along with IgM?

A. IgE

B. IgG

C. IgA

D. IgD

D. IgD

6. Which antibody is the most diverse, present in several subclasses, and reflects the maturation of the immune response

A. IgA

B. IgE

C. IgG

D. IgM

C. IgG

7. Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) bind to which antibody class?

A. IgA

B. IgG

C. IgE

D. IgM

B. IgG

8. Which Fc receptor is primarily expressed on granulocytes and triggers degranulation?

A. FcγR

B. FcεR

C. FcαR

D. FcμR

B. FcεR

9. Which Fc receptor is involved in the regulation of cell activation and binds to IgM?

A. FcγR

B. FcμR

C. FcαR

D. FcεR

B. FcμR

10. Which Fc receptor is inhibitory and helps turn off antibody secretion by B cells?

A. FcγRI

B. FcγRIIb (CD32)

C. FcεRI

D. FcαR

B. FcγRIIb (CD32)

11. Which therapeutic antibody targets CD20 and is used for B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A. Adalimumab

B. Rituximab

C. Ipilimumab

D. Infliximab

B. Rituximab

12. Adalimumab is a fully human antibody that targets:

A. CTLA-4

B. CD20

C. TNF

D. IL-2

C. TNF

13. Which therapeutic antibody targets CTLA-4 to treat metastatic melanoma?

A. Rituximab

B. Ipilimumab

C. Adalimumab

D. Nivolumab

B. Ipilimumab

14. Which phase of the CD8+ cytotoxic T cell response occurs in secondary lymphoid tissue?

A. Recognition

B. Apoptosis

C. Activation and differentiation

D. Perforin release

C. Activation and differentiation

15. What type of cell is known as a “killer cell” that eliminates infected or abnormal host cells?

A. B cell

B. NK cell

C. Helper T cell

D. Plasma cell

B. NK cell

16. IgA can fix complement and induce inflammation.

false

17. IgM has low affinity but high avidity due to its pentameric structure.

true

18. FcεR receptors are found on mast cells and basophils.

true

19. CD40/CD40L interaction is essential for dendritic cell licensing.

true

20. CTLs can induce apoptosis through Fas/FasL interaction and granzyme release.

true

21. List the six antibody effector functions.

Neutralization, ADCC, Agglutination, Opsonization, Degranulation, Complement Activation.

22. Describe one function and characteristic of IgA and IgE.

IgA: mucosal defense, dimeric, no complement.
  IgE: allergy/parasites, binds FceR, causes degranulation.

23. What are Fc receptors and what is their general purpose?

Fc receptors bind antibody Fc regions to mediate effector functions like phagocytosis or degranulation

24. Explain the role of FcγRIIb (CD32) in immune regulation.

FcγRIIb (CD32) is inhibitory; turns off B-cell activation and antibody secretion.

25. Define DC licensing and explain how it involves CD40/CD40L.

DC licensing: CD4+ T cells activate DCs via CD40/CD40L so DCs can activate CD8+ T cells.

26. What are the three signals required for CTL activation?

(1) TCR–MHC I recognition, (2) CD28–CD80/86 costimulation, (3) IL-2–IL-2R signaling.

27. Compare the missing-self model and the balanced-signals model for NK cell activation.

Missing-self: NK kills when MHC I absent; Balanced-signals: integrates activating + inhibitory signals (more likely correct).

28. Define ADCC and describe how NK cells use this process.

ADCC: antibodies tag target; NK cells bind via Fc receptors and kill tagged cell