types of nutrition

• enteral- delivers nutrition via the GI tract
• parental- administered directly into bloodstream bypassing GI tract
• partial parental- inserted into a larger vein
• total parental- inserted into a larger vein

factors impending nutritional intake

anxiety, pain, fatigue, anorexia (lack of appetite), nausea and vomiting

initial nutritional assessment

• identify specific allergies
• identify special diets at home and dietary preferences
• check for physical capabilities and need for assistance

intake

fluids taken by mouth, administered via IV, or administered per enteral or parental feedings

output

all bodily fluids that are lost, including urine, emesis, liquid stool, blood, suctioned gastric contents, and drainage from drainage devices

food intolerance

not an allergic reaction; it is an adverse reaction to a food. without activation of the immune system response

food allergy

a reaction by the patients immune system to a food protein that causes response by the immune system

allergic responses to the body

inhalation, touch, consume, reaction- mild to severe, reaction time- minutes to hours after exposure

regular diet

• no special nutritional needs or limitations
• 2,000 calories/day

NPO

NOTHING BY MOUTH!!!!!!!!

Diets modified for conistency

• clear liquid: water, broth, tea without milk
• full liquid- add opaque liquids to clear diet
• mechanical soft: add soft foods to full liquid diet
• pureed diet: any food processed in blender

clear liquid diet

provides hydration

clarity- clear or if diluted with water would be clear

full liquid diet

all liquids in a clear liquid diet

also only provides limited nutrients

mechanical soft diet

• acute or chronic difficulties with chewing ( jaw problems, missing teeth, poorly fitting dentures, and severe weakness or fatigue

purred diet

texture is somewhat ticker than full liquid but can be swallowed easily