What is the definition of a cell? (write out)

The smallest part of a living thing.

Cell membrane

like a skin that surrounds the cell

separates inside of cell from everything on the outside.

Does not Contain Chromatin

Has phospholipid bilayer

controls what goes in and out of the cell.

surrounds both plant and animal cells

Cytoplasm

jelly-like liquid that fills the cell

DNA

The cells instruction matter; tells the cell what to do

Genetic material

Located in the nucleus

Two main types of cells: Eukaryotic Cells

Complex, found in plants and animals

Have organelles (tiny organs)

Do Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus?

Yes, they have a distinct nucleus

Eukaryotic cell's nucleus

Control center of the eukaryotic cell.

Inside is DNA which is organized into structures called chromosomes when the cell is ready to divide.

contains Nucleolus, where ribosomes are made

Ribosomes

Little factories that make proteins

Float freely in the cytoplasm

can attach to the Endoplasmic Reticulum

endoplasmic reticulum

a network of passages that helps move materials around the cell

What are the two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Has ribosomes attached

involved in making proteins

Smooth ER

Doesn't have ribosomes attached

involved in making fats and detoxifying the cell

Golgi Apparatus or Golgi body

receives proteins and other materials from the ER, modifies them, and packages them up to be sent to where they are needed.

Vacuoles

like storage sacs

in plants cells, there's often a large central one that stores water.

In animal cells, they are usually smaller and have various storage functions.

they are larger in plant cells

Lysosomes

they contain enzymes that break down waste materials and old cell parts

Like a cell's recycling center.

Mitochondria

perform cellular respiration which creates energy in the form of ATP that the cell needs to function

converts glucose to ATP

cells that need more energy have more mitochondria.

Cytoskeleton

the cell's internal scaffolding.

made of protein fibers that give the cell its shape, help it move, and support its internal structures

Chloroplasts (green)

in plants cells only

responsible for photosynthesis

makes glucose

they are green because they contain a pigment called chlorophyll.

Cell Wall

In plants cells only

the extra layer outside their cell membrane

provides extra support, structure, and protection

Prokaryotic Cells

simple cells

No nucleus or membrane-enclosed organelles

DNA floats in cytoplasm

Are Prokaryotic cells always single-celled organisms?

yes, they are made up of just one cell.

Flagella

some prokaryotic cells have this

whip-like tails that help them move around

Example: sperm cells

All cells have ___ ________, ___________, and ________ ________ (DNA)

cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material.

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic acid

What part of the cell contains DNA?

The eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

What are the 4 nucleotides?

adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

Adenine - Thymine

Cytosine - Guanine

What is the shape of DNA?

A double helix, two spirals twisting around each other

what breaks down the cell membrane?

salt and detergent

Phospholipid: ____________ head, ________________ tail

Hydrophilic

water - loving

head of a phospholipid

Hydrophobic

water - fearing

tail of a phospholipid

list 4 substances that can easily cross the cell membran ewithout the use of cellular energy:

gases, dust, liquids, solids/

What do cells use glycoproteins for?

to identify and attach to other cells

know this.