What larva feasts off of infections but cannot harm human bodies?

Maggots.

What bone can regenerate faster than any bone in the body?

Rib.

What soap forms when fat is exposed to bacteria or alkaline soil.

Adipocere.

Anatomy def.

the structure of body parts.

Physiology def.

the function of body parts

Gross Anatomy

the structures of organs and systems apparent to the naked eye

How do you study Gross Anatomy?

1. dissection
2. endoscopy
3. MAI, x-ray, ultrasound.

Levels of Organization

cell - tissue - organ - organ system - organism

What are the 7 functions/characteristics of Human Life

1. Organization
2. Metabolism
3. Responsiveness
4. Movement
5. Growth
6. Reproduction
7. Development

Organization

cells, tissues, organs

Metabolism

reactions in the body, requires energy

Responsiveness

senses changes and react to them

Movement

change in position, motion of internal parts

Growth

increase in body size

Reproduction

passing DNA to new individuals

Development

changes in the body

DNA

Genetic material, half from mother and half from father.

Nerve cell

Karyotype

used to determine genetic defects

23 pairs of chromosomes

chromosomes reside in nucleus of the cell

Sickle cell anemia occurs most with who?

African Americans

Chemical Changes that occur in the body to maintain life:

Obesity

Causes: Slow metabolism, overeating, lack of exercise, genetics

Results: Diabetes, heart failure, kidney disease.

Requirements for human life

1. Oxygen; makes ATP
2. Nutrients; water, food, vitamins
3. Temperature; body responds to changes in temperature
4. Atmospheric Pressure; pressure necessary for breathing

Homeostasis is the

Tendency of the body to maintain a stable, balanced, internal environment.

Thermoregulation

sweating, blood circulation, insulation (fat cells), muscle contraction

Negative Feedback loops

When some variable triggers a counter acting response

Examples: shivering when cold, sweating when hot.

Horeshoe crab blood.

used to detect bacteria in vaccines

Blood contains copper, which turns it blue.

Positive Feeback loops

intensifying the variable.

Example: The pituitary gland produces more and more oxytocin to cause contractions to give birth to a baby

Body Cavities listed

1. Cranial (A)
2. Dorsal (B)
3. Spinal (H)
4. Ventral (C)
5. thoracic (D)
6. abdominal (F)
7. diaphragm (G)
8. pelvic (E)

Body cavities location

Integumentary system

Skin and sweat glands

functions to protect tissues and regulate temperature

Skeletal system

Bones and ligaments

functions to support.

Muscular system

Muscles

Functions to give movement

Respitory system

uses the lungs to bring oxygen into the blood

Circulatory system

uses the heart to pump blood

functions to transport.

Endocrine system

pituitary glands

controls hormones

Nervous system

spinal cord and brain

Urinary system

filters waste from blood and is removed through urine

Digestive system

Esophagus and stomach

breaks down food to be absorbed

Lymphatic system

Lymph nodes, draining fluids.

Reproductive system

ovaries and testes

sagital plane

left to right

_____

Frontal plane

from side to side

|

Transverse plane

Top and bottom, cut in half at midsection

Anatomical position

standing erect, facing forward, arms to the side, palms facing forward.

Supine

lying on his/her back

Prone

lying on his/her stomach