- Reductive biosynthesis

- Utilizes free energy

- Gains electrons

Anabolism

- Oxidative Degradation

- Produces free energy

- Redox reactions

Catabolism

Catabolism breaks down _____ to ______ compounds.

- complex

- simple

What is the starting material in catabolism?

- carbohydrates

-lipids

-proteins

What is the end product of catabolism?

- CO₂

_- H₂O

- NH₃

catabolism is _____ favored

-entropically

Anabolism is entropically _______

unfavorable

What are the starting materials of anabolism?

-Amino acids

-sugars

- fatty acids

- nitrogenous bases

What are the end products of anabolism?

- Proteins

- Polysaccharides

- lipids

- Nucleic acids

Does anabolism require ATP?

YES

Catabolism is an electron acceptor uses _________

Oxidative degradation

Anabolism is an electron donor that is used for_______

reductive biosynthesis

What are the stages of catabolism?

Stage 1: Breakdown of macromolecules to component monomers

- Carbohydrates, Fats, and proteins

Stage 2: Oxidation of monomers to the common metabolite Acetyl-CoA

- Glucose, Fatty Acids, and Amino acids

Stage 3: Complete Oxidation and Degradation of Acetyl-CoA

-Three chemical end products: H₂O, CO₂ and NH₃

- Electron Carrier products: NADH and FADH₂

Stage 4: Oxidative Phosphorylation to produce ATP

Produces free energy to drive:

-Biosynthesis

- Osmotic work

- Muscle contractions

- Cell Motility

ATP Hydrolysis