tissues

groups of cells that are similar to each other in structure and function

epithelial tissue

a tissue that covers and forms sheets one Side is always attached the other is unattached

simple epithelial

found where substance moves rapidly

three shapes

squamous (squashed) cuboidal (cube) and columur (columns)

simple epithelium

one layer thick

stratified epithelum

two or more layers (multiple)

simple squamous

the walls are very thin

simple cuboidal

functions in the transport and secretion of various substances

simple columor

things can still pass though but their strong so they don't get ripped apart

stratified epithelia

protective function for tissues exposed everyday wear and tear. / found in the mouth (esophagus and skin)

transitional epithelium

can stretch from one to another

glandular epithelia

function/ secretion.

EXOcrine glands

contain ducts

ENDOcrine glands

DO not have ducts

also called DUCTLESS

Connective tissue

connects on binds parts of the body together

the most abundant of the four types of tissue

found in blood, under the skin, in bone and around many organs

bone cells are called osteocytes

bone acts as a storage site for mineral salts especially calcium

neuron

nerve cells that transmit electrical signals

neuroglia

cells that support and take care of neurons

-they do not conduct electrical impulses

muscle tissue

compose of cells shortening and contracting

three types of muscle tissues

• skeletal (striated)- moves muscle and maintains posture
• smooth (non-striated)- found in the walls of viscera or organs
• cardiac- found only in the heart

intercelateddisks

promotes rapid conjuncts (so the heart beats completely at the same time)

two types of tissue repair

• regeneration- replacement of tissue
• fibrosis replacements- injured tissue

epidermis

outer layer of the skin is stratified squamous

dermis

the underlying layer is composed of fibrous connective tissue

serous membrane

lines the body cavities

parietal layer

lines the walls

visceral layer

covers the outside of a organ

pericardium membrane

a sling like support

pericardial cavity

space between the pericardial membranes

peritonitis

infection in the abdominal cavity, can be life threatening

epidermis is composed of what

stratified squamous epithelium

dermis

composed of dense, fibrous, connective tissue

two major glands

sebaceous glands- create sebum

sweat glands- produce sweat

eccrine

more numerous and widely distributed throughout the body

modified sweat glands

• ceruminous- found in the external auditory coral, secrete cerumen
• cerumen- yellow, sticky, wax- like secretion that repels insects and traps forge in materials

you lose what percentage of heat through your skin

80%

hypothalamus

thermostat of the body, located in the brain

partial thickenss

divided into first degree or second degree

first degree burn

red, painful, slightly edematous (swollen)

second degree burn

redness, pain, edema, blister formation

third degree burn

full thickness

RULE OF NINES

system used to measure the extent of burns

total body surface is divided into regions

eschar

dead, burned tissue that forms a thick, inflexible scab- like layer over the surface.

aside from the choking effects of eschar formation, which of the following is a major concern

infection

endocrine glands

secrete the chemical substances called hormones (ductless)

protein hormones

go to cells that have membrane receptors (outside of the cell)

steroid hormones

react with the inside of the cell and have to be absorbed

negative feedback

mechanism through which the endocrine glands maintain normal plasma levels of hormones

biorhythms

rhythmic alteration in a hormones rate of secretion

circadian rhythms

a 24 hour rhythm

chronopharmacology

the branch of pharmacology that addresses the effect of biorhythms on drug effects

master gland

the pituitary gland attached to the undersurface of the hypothalamus

(pea sized)

(TSH) Thyroid- stimulating hormone

stimulates the thyroid

(gh) growth hormone

determines a persons size and height

hypersecretion

over secretion of growth hormone

(prl) prolactin

promotes milk production in women

hyposecretion

dwarfism of growth hormone

(TSH) thyrotropin or thyroid stimulating hormones

stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete hormones

adrenocortcotropic

stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete steroids

thyroid gland

largest of the endocrine glands.

butterfly shaped, has to lobes connected by a tissue bond called the isthmus

follicular cells

located within the thyroid follicle

parafollicular cells

located between the follicles

t3 and t4

regulate all phases of metabolism

-synthesis of t3 and t4 requires iodine

-iodine in the body comes from dietary sources

goiter

enlarged thyroid gland

calcitonin

helps regulate calcium in the blood

the overall effect of parathyroid glands

to increase calcium levels

bradycardia

slow heart rate (below 60)

cortisol

CHEIF GLUCOCORTICOD

aldosterone

salt retaining hormone

INSULIN

the only hormone that lowers blood glucose

pineal gland

cone shaped gland, located close to the thalamus in the brain

-secretes a hormone called melatonin