What is 1?

hyoid bone (C3)

What is 2?

laryngeal prominence

What is 3?

lamina of thyroid cartilage

What is 4?

cricothyroid ligament

What is 5?

cricoid cartilage (C6)

What is 6?

1st tracheal ring

What is 7?

Isthmus

What is 8?

Lobes

at what vertebral level is the hyoid bone?

______

C3

what is the "adam's apple" anatomically known as ______ ______

larygneal prominence

at what vertebral level is the cricoid cartilage?

______

C6

at what vertebral level does the common carotid bifurcate?

______

C4

3 parts of the pharynx?

______

______

______

nasopharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx

What is 1?

right choana

What is 2?

soft palate

What is 3?

uvula

What is 4?

palatoglossal arch

What is 5?

body of tongue

What is 6?

geniohyoid

What is 7?

hyoid bone

What is 8?

thyrohyoid ligament

What is 9?

vestibular fold

What is 10?

vocal fold

What is 11?

thyroid gland

What is 12?

cricoid cartilage

What is 13?

epiglottis

What is 14?

lingual tonsil

What is 15?

palatine tonsil

What is 16?

dens of axis

What is 17?

atlas

What is 18?

"lateral band"

What is 19?

pharyngeal orfice of eustachian tube

What is 20?

pharyngeal tonsil

What is 21?

torus tubarius

what structure attaches the pharynx to the oral cavity?

_____ _____

pterygomandibular raphe

The lateral attachments of the pharynx include the __________ raphe, the __________ ligament, the __________ horn and __________ horn of the hyoid bone, the __________ line of the thyroid cartilage, the fascial thickening of the __________ muscle, and the __________ cartilage.

pterygomandibular, stylohyoid, lesser, greater, oblique, cricothyroid, cricoid

What is 1?

medial plate of pterygoid process

What is 2?

pharyngotympanic tube

What is 3?

pharyngeal tubercle

What is 4?

styloid process

What is 5?

retro-pharyngeal space

What is 6?

pharyngeal raphe

What is 7?

pterygopalatine raphe

What is 8?

stylohyoid ligament

What is 9?

oblique line

What is 10?

cricothyroid muscle

What is 11?

cricoid cartilage

What is 12?

esopahgus

What is 1?

pharyngeal fascia

What is 2?

pharyngeal tubercle

What is 3?

styloid process

What is 4?

stylohyoid ligament

What is 5?

stylopharyngeus muscle

What is 6?

pharyngeal raphe

What is 7?

superior constrictor

What is 8?

middle constrictor

What is 9?

inferior constrictor

What is 10?

esophagus

The superior constrictor attaches anteriorly to the __________ and __________ __________, sharing the __________ __________ with the buccinator, and posteriorly to the muscle of the opposite side via the __________ __________. It is innervated by cranial nerve __________ and acts as the __________ __________, also known as Passavant's ridge, to help seal off the __________ during swallowing.

mandible, pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, pharyngeal raphe, X, palatopharyngeal sphincter, nasopharynx

The middle constrictor attaches anteriorly to the __________ ligament and the __________ and __________ horns of the hyoid bone, and posteriorly to the __________ __________. It is innervated by cranial nerve __________.

stylohyoid, greater, lesser, pharyngeal raphe, X

The inferior constrictor attaches to the __________ line of the thyroid cartilage, the fascia of the __________ muscle, and the __________ cartilage. It is innervated by cranial nerve __________.

oblique, cricothyroid, cricoid, X

The three longitudinal muscles of the pharynx are the __________ (innervated by X), the __________ (also innervated by X), and the __________ (innervated by IX). All three muscles function to __________ the pharynx during __________ and __________.

salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus, elevate, swallowing, speech

What is 1?

cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic tube

What is 2?

palatopharyngeal sphincter

What is 3?

salpingopharyngeus

What is 4?

palatopharyngeus

What is 5?

stylopharyngeus

What is 6?

inferior constrictor

What is 7?

middle constrictor

What is 8?

palatine tonsil

What is 9?

superior constrictor

What is 10?

tensor veli palatini

What is 11?

levator veli palatini

The salpingopharyngeus originates from the __________ part of the pharyngotympanic tube and blends with the __________ muscle. It is innervated by cranial nerve __________ and acts to __________ the pharynx during __________ and __________.

cartilaginous, palatopharyngeus, X, elevate, swallowing, speech

The palatopharyngeus originates from the __________ palate and the __________ aponeurosis, and inserts on the posterior border of the __________ cartilage as well as the side of the __________ and __________. It is innervated by cranial nerve __________ and functions to __________ the pharynx during __________ and __________.

hard, palatine, thyroid, pharynx, esophagus, X, elevate, swallowing, speech

The stylopharyngeus arises from the __________ process, passes between the __________ and __________ constrictors, and inserts into the __________ and __________ borders of the thyroid cartilage. It is innervated by cranial nerve __________ and acts to __________ the pharynx during __________ and __________.

styloid, superior, middle, posterior, superior, IX, elevate, swallowing, speech

what muscle passes between the superior & middle constrictors?

__________ (__________)

stylopharyngeus (IX)

What is 1?

laryngeal inlet

What is 2?

piriform fossa

What is 3?

salpingopharyngeal fold

What is 4?

torus levatorius

What is 5?

pharyngeal recesses

What is 6?

choanae

What is 7?

torus tubarius

What is 8?

soft palate

What is 9?

valleculae (anterior to epiglottis)

What is 10?

palatine tonsil

What is 11?

palatopharyngeal arch

What is 12?

palatoglossal arch

What is 13?

epiglottis

What is 14?

piriform fossa

What is 15?

palatopharyngeal arch

What is 16?

palatine tonsil

What is 17?

vallecula

What is 18?

lingual tonsil

The most common site for foreign bodies such as fish bones to become lodged in the throat is the __________ __________ or __________. If the object enters the __________, it can trigger a spasm of the __________ muscles, which may dangerously close the __________.

piriform recess, fossa, larynx, laryngeal, airway

During a tonsillectomy, care must be taken not to damage the __________ __________ vein, the __________ artery (a branch of the __________ artery), and the __________ nerve (cranial nerve __________), which lies in the __________ bed.

external palatine, tonsillar, facial, glossopharyngeal, IX, tonsillar

The pharynx receives blood supply from the __________ pharyngeal artery (a branch of the __________ carotid), the __________ palatine and __________ arteries (branches of the __________ artery), branches of the __________ and __________ arteries, and the __________ thyroid artery, a branch of the __________ trunk.

ascending, external, ascending, tonsillar, facial, maxillary, lingual, inferior, thyrocervical

What is 1?

maxillary artery

What is 2?

ascending palatine artery

What is 3?

tonsillar branch

What is 4?

facial artery

What is 5?

lingual artery

What is 6?

external carotid artery

What is 7?

common carotid artery

What is 8?

subclavian artery

What is 9?

thyrocervical trunk

What is 10?

inferior thyroid artery

What is 11?

pharyngeal branches

What is 12?

internal carotid artery

What is 13?

ascending pharyngeal artery

What is 14?

superficial temporal artery

Blood from the pharynx drains into the __________ __________ and then into the __________ and __________ __________ veins.

pterygoid plexus, facial, internal jugular

where does lymph drain from the palatine tonsils?

__________ __________

jugulodigastric node

where does lymph from the pharynx drain?

__________ nodes

__________ nodes

__________ nodes

retropharyngeal nodes

paratracheal nodes

infrahyoid nodes

A patient may have enlarged cervical lymph nodes due to a __________ __________ or __________.

sore throat, tonsillitis

All pharyngeal muscles are innervated motor-wise by cranial nerve __________, except for the __________ muscle, which is innervated by cranial nerve __________.

X, stylopharyngeus, IX

Sensory innervation of the pharynx is region-specific: the __________ is supplied by the pharyngeal branch of __________, the __________ is supplied by cranial nerve __________, and the __________ is supplied by cranial nerve __________.

nasopharynx, V2, oropharynx, IX, laryngopharynx, X

the thyroid gland is enclosed by what fascial layer?

__________ __________

pretracheal fascia

what is the only muscle innervated by the external branch of superior laryngeal (X)?

__________

cricothyroid

The thyroid gland receives blood from the __________ __________ artery, which is the first branch of the __________ __________ artery, and the __________ __________ artery, which arises from the __________ __________.

superior thyroid, external carotid, inferior thyroid, thyrocervical trunk

Removal of parathyroid glandular tissue during a thyroidectomy can result in __________, a condition caused by low serum levels of __________, leading to increased neuromuscular __________.

tetany, calcium, excitability

During a thyroidectomy, it is critical not to damage the __________ (also called __________) __________ nerves, as this can lead to __________ __________. Additionally, care must be taken to preserve the __________ __________.

recurrent, inferior, laryngeal, laryngeal paralysis, parathyroid glands

What is 1?

laryngeal inlet

What is 2?

cuneiform tubercle

What is 3?

corniculate tubercle

What is 4?

interartenoid notch

What is 5?

epiglottis

What is 6?

aryepiglottic fold

What is 7?

vestibule

What is 8?

cricoid arch

What is 9?

vestibular fold

What is 10?

vocal fold

What is 11?

trachea

What is 1?

epiglottis

What is 2?

rima vestibuli

What is 3?

rima glottidis

What is 4?

interarytenoid fold

What is 5?

corniculate tubercle

What is 6?

cuneiform tubercle

What is 7?

aryepiglottic fold

What is 8?

vestibular fold

What is 9?

vocal fold

The three unpaired cartilages of the larynx are the __________, __________, and __________.

cricoid, thyroid, epiglottis

The paired cartilages of the larynx include the __________, __________, and __________ cartilages.

arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

Fibroelastic membranes connect the larynx to the __________ bone above and the __________ below.

hyoid, trachea

what is the most inferior laryngeal cartialge?

__________ __________

cricoid cartilage

what structures articulate w/ the bilateral articular facets of the cricoid cartilage?

__________ __________ of thyroid cartilage

__________ __________

-inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

-arytenoid cartilages

what structure(s) attach the the depressions on the posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage?

__________ __________ -__________ __________

posterior crico-arytenoid muscles

The thyroid angle of the thyroid cartilage measures approximately __________ to __________ degrees, typically ranging between males and females.

90, 120

The epiglottic cartilage is a __________-shaped __________ cartilage attached to the __________ aspect of the __________ cartilage. It helps direct the __________ __________ laterally toward the __________ __________ during swallowing.

leaf, elastic, posterior, thyroid, bolus, piriform fossae

during swallowing, where does the epiglottic cartilage direct the bolus?

__________ toward __________ __________

laterally toward piriform fossae

The anterior (lingual) surface of the epiglottic cartilage is lined by __________ __________ __________ epithelium, while the posterior (laryngeal) surface is lined by __________ epithelium, which is __________ __________ __________ __________ with __________ cells.

stratified squamous nonkeratinized, respiratory, pseudostratified columnar ciliated, goblet

Mobilization of the __________ cartilages is essential for vocalization, as they "swivel" on the __________ cartilage.

arytenoid, cricoid

The __________ cartilages are located at the __________ (apices) of the __________ cartilages, while the __________ cartilages are embedded in the __________ membrane that attaches the arytenoid cartilages to the __________.

corniculate, apices, arytenoid, cuneiform, fibroelastic, epiglottis

The thyrohyoid membrane attaches the __________ cartilage to the __________ bone.

thyroid, hyoid

The hyo-epiglottic ligament attaches the __________ of the epiglottis to the __________ bone in the midline.

midline, hyoid

The cricotracheal ligament connects the lower border of the __________ cartilage to the __________ __________ of the trachea.

cricoid, first ring

The sensory innervation of the larynx above the vocal folds is provided by the __________ branch of the __________ __________ nerve (cranial nerve __________), which penetrates the __________ membrane.

internal, superior laryngeal, X, thyrohyoid

what structure attaches the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone?

__________ __________

thyrohyoid membrane

The cricothyroid ligament, also known as the __________ or __________ membrane, attaches the __________ of the cricoid cartilage to the __________ ligament and is thickened in the midline to form the __________ __________ ligament.

cricovocal, cricothyroid, arch, vocal, median cricothyroid

The __________ membrane has a thickened lower margin called the __________ ligament.

quadrangular, vestibular

The __________ margin of the cricothyroid ligament is the __________ ligament, and the __________ margin of the quadrangular membrane is the __________ ligament.

upper, vocal, lower, vestibular

The __________ ligament is formed by the upper margin of the __________ ligament, while the __________ ligament is formed by the lower margin of the __________ membrane.

vocal, cricothyroid, vestibular, quadrangular

To perform a cricothyrotomy in an emergency, locate the __________ __________ membrane between the __________ cartilage and the __________ cartilage, just inferior to the __________ __________. Make a __________ cm __________ incision, then use a curved __________ to push through the membrane and place the __________ tubing.

cricothyroid, thyroid, cricoid, laryngeal prominence, 3, longitudinal, hemostat, endotracheal

A tracheotomy is performed in a hospital by locating the __________ to __________ tracheal rings, cutting the __________ of the thyroid gland, retracting the __________ muscles, and placing a __________ tube.

2nd, 4th, isthmus, infrahyoid, tracheostomy

What is 1?

mucous glands

What is 2?

vestibule of the larynx

What is 3?

ventricular fold

What is 4?

ventricular fold

What is 5?

ventricles

What is 6?

vocal fold

What is 7?

vocal fold

What is 8?

vocalis muscle

What is 9?

vocalis muscle

All muscles of the larynx are innervated by cranial nerve __________. The __________ muscle is uniquely innervated by the __________ branch of the __________ __________ nerve, while all other laryngeal muscles are innervated by the __________ laryngeal nerve, which is the continuation of the __________ laryngeal nerve.

X, cricothyroid, external, superior laryngeal, inferior, recurrent

The cricothyroid muscle has two parts: the __________ part and the __________ part.

oblique, straight

The cricothyroid muscle is the only laryngeal muscle innervated by the __________ branch of the __________ __________ nerve.

external, superior laryngeal

The cricothyroid muscle acts by pulling the __________ cartilage __________ and __________, which elongates the __________ __________ and produces __________-pitch phonation.

thyroid, down, forward, vocal ligament, higher

The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle originates from the __________ on the __________ of the cricoid cartilage and inserts on the __________ process of the __________ cartilage. It is innervated by the __________ laryngeal nerve (branch of cranial nerve __________) and acts to __________ the vocal folds by externally __________ the arytenoid cartilage.

depression, lamina, muscular, arytenoid, recurrent, X, abduct, rotating

The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle originates from the __________ surface of the __________ arch and inserts on the __________ aspect of the __________ process of the arytenoid cartilage. It is innervated by the __________ laryngeal nerve (branch of cranial nerve __________) and acts to __________ the vocal folds by internally __________ the arytenoid cartilages.

superior, cricoid, anterior, muscular, recurrent, X, adduct, rotating

The transverse arytenoid muscle attaches to the __________ border of the __________ surface of the __________ cartilages. It is innervated by the __________ laryngeal nerve (cranial nerve __________) and acts to pull the cartilages toward one another, thereby __________ the cartilages and __________ folds.

lateral, posterior, arytenoid, recurrent, X, adducts, vocal

What is 1?

rima glottidis

What is 2?

vocal ligaments

What is 3?

vocalis muscle

What is 4?

lateral cricothyroid ligament

What is 5?

lateral crico-arytenoid

What is 6?

posterior crico-arytenoid

What is 7?

oblique arytenoid

What is 8?

transverse arytenoid

The oblique arytenoid muscle is innervated by the __________ laryngeal nerve and acts as a __________ of the laryngeal __________, helping to __________ it closed.

recurrent, sphincter, inlet, close

The vocalis muscle attaches from the __________ process of the __________ cartilages to the __________ of the __________ cartilage and runs along the __________ ligament. It is innervated by the __________ laryngeal nerve (cranial nerve __________) and acts to __________ tension on the vocal __________.

vocal, arytenoid, angle, thyroid, vocal, recurrent, X, adjust, cords

The thyroarytenoid muscle is innervated by the __________ laryngeal nerve and acts to __________ the vocal ligament, which __________ the pitch of the voice.

recurrent, relax, lowers

The superior laryngeal artery branches off the __________ __________ artery, which is the first branch of the __________ __________ artery.

superior thyroid, external carotid

The superior laryngeal artery enters the larynx alongside the __________ __________ nerve and continues with the __________ __________ nerve to supply the __________ muscle.

inferior thyroid, thyrocervical, subclavian

The inferior laryngeal artery accompanies the __________ __________ nerve.

recurrent laryngeal

The external laryngeal nerve travels with the __________ __________ artery as it continues after entering the __________.

superior laryngeal, larynx

The internal laryngeal nerve travels with the __________ __________ artery to enter the __________.

superior laryngeal, larynx

The recurrent laryngeal nerve travels with the __________ __________ artery.

inferior laryngeal

Damage to the __________ __________ nerve during a thyroidectomy can cause __________, leading to a __________ voice.

recurrent laryngeal, hoarseness, hoarse

Damage to the superior laryngeal nerve paralyzes the __________ muscle (innervated by the __________ branch) and causes loss of sensation from the larynx __________ the vocal folds (innervated by the __________ branch).

cricothyroid, external, above, internal

Common symptoms of superior laryngeal nerve damage include __________ voice __________ and a __________ pitch range. These effects are more subtle than injury to the __________ laryngeal nerve.

easy, fatigue, decreased, recurrent

Lymphatic drainage of the larynx above the vocal folds follows the __________ __________ artery to the __________ cervical lymph nodes located at the bifurcation of the __________ __________ artery.

superior laryngeal, deep, common carotid

Lymphatic drainage of the larynx below the vocal folds follows the __________ __________ artery.

inferior laryngeal

where was the cancer located in this patient? how can you tell?

above the vocal folds, higher up on neck

Lymphatic drainage from the larynx __________ the vocal folds drains to the __________ cervical lymph nodes near the bifurcation of the __________ __________ artery, located higher up on the neck.

above, deep, common carotid

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve wraps around the __________ artery

subclavian

the left recurrent laryngeal nerve wraps around the __________ of the __________ and the __________ __________.

arch, aorta, ligamentum arteriosum