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Anatomy JV Exam 3: Larynx & Pharynx

front 1

What is 1?

back 1

hyoid bone (C3)

front 2

What is 2?

back 2

laryngeal prominence

front 3

What is 3?

back 3

lamina of thyroid cartilage

front 4

What is 4?

back 4

cricothyroid ligament

front 5

What is 5?

back 5

cricoid cartilage (C6)

front 6

What is 6?

back 6

1st tracheal ring

front 7

What is 7?

back 7

Isthmus

front 8

What is 8?

back 8

Lobes

front 9

at what vertebral level is the hyoid bone?

______

back 9

C3

front 10

what is the "adam's apple" anatomically known as ______ ______

back 10

larygneal prominence

front 11

at what vertebral level is the cricoid cartilage?

______

back 11

C6

front 12

at what vertebral level does the common carotid bifurcate?

______

back 12

C4

front 13

3 parts of the pharynx?

______

______

______

back 13

nasopharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx

front 14

What is 1?

back 14

right choana

front 15

What is 2?

back 15

soft palate

front 16

What is 3?

back 16

uvula

front 17

What is 4?

back 17

palatoglossal arch

front 18

What is 5?

back 18

body of tongue

front 19

What is 6?

back 19

geniohyoid

front 20

What is 7?

back 20

hyoid bone

front 21

What is 8?

back 21

thyrohyoid ligament

front 22

What is 9?

back 22

vestibular fold

front 23

What is 10?

back 23

vocal fold

front 24

What is 11?

back 24

thyroid gland

front 25

What is 12?

back 25

cricoid cartilage

front 26

What is 13?

back 26

epiglottis

front 27

What is 14?

back 27

lingual tonsil

front 28

What is 15?

back 28

palatine tonsil

front 29

What is 16?

back 29

dens of axis

front 30

What is 17?

back 30

atlas

front 31

What is 18?

back 31

"lateral band"

front 32

What is 19?

back 32

pharyngeal orfice of eustachian tube

front 33

What is 20?

back 33

pharyngeal tonsil

front 34

What is 21?

back 34

torus tubarius

front 35

what structure attaches the pharynx to the oral cavity?

_____ _____

back 35

pterygomandibular raphe

front 36

The lateral attachments of the pharynx include the __________ raphe, the __________ ligament, the __________ horn and __________ horn of the hyoid bone, the __________ line of the thyroid cartilage, the fascial thickening of the __________ muscle, and the __________ cartilage.

back 36

pterygomandibular, stylohyoid, lesser, greater, oblique, cricothyroid, cricoid

front 37

What is 1?

back 37

medial plate of pterygoid process

front 38

What is 2?

back 38

pharyngotympanic tube

front 39

What is 3?

back 39

pharyngeal tubercle

front 40

What is 4?

back 40

styloid process

front 41

What is 5?

back 41

retro-pharyngeal space

front 42

What is 6?

back 42

pharyngeal raphe

front 43

What is 7?

back 43

pterygopalatine raphe

front 44

What is 8?

back 44

stylohyoid ligament

front 45

What is 9?

back 45

oblique line

front 46

What is 10?

back 46

cricothyroid muscle

front 47

What is 11?

back 47

cricoid cartilage

front 48

What is 12?

back 48

esopahgus

front 49

What is 1?

back 49

pharyngeal fascia

front 50

What is 2?

back 50

pharyngeal tubercle

front 51

What is 3?

back 51

styloid process

front 52

What is 4?

back 52

stylohyoid ligament

front 53

What is 5?

back 53

stylopharyngeus muscle

front 54

What is 6?

back 54

pharyngeal raphe

front 55

What is 7?

back 55

superior constrictor

front 56

What is 8?

back 56

middle constrictor

front 57

What is 9?

back 57

inferior constrictor

front 58

What is 10?

back 58

esophagus

front 59

The superior constrictor attaches anteriorly to the __________ and __________ __________, sharing the __________ __________ with the buccinator, and posteriorly to the muscle of the opposite side via the __________ __________. It is innervated by cranial nerve __________ and acts as the __________ __________, also known as Passavant's ridge, to help seal off the __________ during swallowing.

back 59

mandible, pterygoid hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, pharyngeal raphe, X, palatopharyngeal sphincter, nasopharynx

front 60

The middle constrictor attaches anteriorly to the __________ ligament and the __________ and __________ horns of the hyoid bone, and posteriorly to the __________ __________. It is innervated by cranial nerve __________.

back 60

stylohyoid, greater, lesser, pharyngeal raphe, X

front 61

The inferior constrictor attaches to the __________ line of the thyroid cartilage, the fascia of the __________ muscle, and the __________ cartilage. It is innervated by cranial nerve __________.

back 61

oblique, cricothyroid, cricoid, X

front 62

The three longitudinal muscles of the pharynx are the __________ (innervated by X), the __________ (also innervated by X), and the __________ (innervated by IX). All three muscles function to __________ the pharynx during __________ and __________.

back 62

salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus, elevate, swallowing, speech

front 63

What is 1?

back 63

cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic tube

front 64

What is 2?

back 64

palatopharyngeal sphincter

front 65

What is 3?

back 65

salpingopharyngeus

front 66

What is 4?

back 66

palatopharyngeus

front 67

What is 5?

back 67

stylopharyngeus

front 68

What is 6?

back 68

inferior constrictor

front 69

What is 7?

back 69

middle constrictor

front 70

What is 8?

back 70

palatine tonsil

front 71

What is 9?

back 71

superior constrictor

front 72

What is 10?

back 72

tensor veli palatini

front 73

What is 11?

back 73

levator veli palatini

front 74

The salpingopharyngeus originates from the __________ part of the pharyngotympanic tube and blends with the __________ muscle. It is innervated by cranial nerve __________ and acts to __________ the pharynx during __________ and __________.

back 74

cartilaginous, palatopharyngeus, X, elevate, swallowing, speech

front 75

The palatopharyngeus originates from the __________ palate and the __________ aponeurosis, and inserts on the posterior border of the __________ cartilage as well as the side of the __________ and __________. It is innervated by cranial nerve __________ and functions to __________ the pharynx during __________ and __________.

back 75

hard, palatine, thyroid, pharynx, esophagus, X, elevate, swallowing, speech

front 76

The stylopharyngeus arises from the __________ process, passes between the __________ and __________ constrictors, and inserts into the __________ and __________ borders of the thyroid cartilage. It is innervated by cranial nerve __________ and acts to __________ the pharynx during __________ and __________.

back 76

styloid, superior, middle, posterior, superior, IX, elevate, swallowing, speech

front 77

what muscle passes between the superior & middle constrictors?

__________ (__________)

back 77

stylopharyngeus (IX)

front 78

What is 1?

back 78

laryngeal inlet

front 79

What is 2?

back 79

piriform fossa

front 80

What is 3?

back 80

salpingopharyngeal fold

front 81

What is 4?

back 81

torus levatorius

front 82

What is 5?

back 82

pharyngeal recesses

front 83

What is 6?

back 83

choanae

front 84

What is 7?

back 84

torus tubarius

front 85

What is 8?

back 85

soft palate

front 86

What is 9?

back 86

valleculae (anterior to epiglottis)

front 87

What is 10?

back 87

palatine tonsil

front 88

What is 11?

back 88

palatopharyngeal arch

front 89

What is 12?

back 89

palatoglossal arch

front 90

What is 13?

back 90

epiglottis

front 91

What is 14?

back 91

piriform fossa

front 92

What is 15?

back 92

palatopharyngeal arch

front 93

What is 16?

back 93

palatine tonsil

front 94

What is 17?

back 94

vallecula

front 95

What is 18?

back 95

lingual tonsil

front 96

The most common site for foreign bodies such as fish bones to become lodged in the throat is the __________ __________ or __________. If the object enters the __________, it can trigger a spasm of the __________ muscles, which may dangerously close the __________.

back 96

piriform recess, fossa, larynx, laryngeal, airway

front 97

During a tonsillectomy, care must be taken not to damage the __________ __________ vein, the __________ artery (a branch of the __________ artery), and the __________ nerve (cranial nerve __________), which lies in the __________ bed.

back 97

external palatine, tonsillar, facial, glossopharyngeal, IX, tonsillar

front 98

The pharynx receives blood supply from the __________ pharyngeal artery (a branch of the __________ carotid), the __________ palatine and __________ arteries (branches of the __________ artery), branches of the __________ and __________ arteries, and the __________ thyroid artery, a branch of the __________ trunk.

back 98

ascending, external, ascending, tonsillar, facial, maxillary, lingual, inferior, thyrocervical

front 99

What is 1?

back 99

maxillary artery

front 100

What is 2?

back 100

ascending palatine artery

front 101

What is 3?

back 101

tonsillar branch

front 102

What is 4?

back 102

facial artery

front 103

What is 5?

back 103

lingual artery

front 104

What is 6?

back 104

external carotid artery

front 105

What is 7?

back 105

common carotid artery

front 106

What is 8?

back 106

subclavian artery

front 107

What is 9?

back 107

thyrocervical trunk

front 108

What is 10?

back 108

inferior thyroid artery

front 109

What is 11?

back 109

pharyngeal branches

front 110

What is 12?

back 110

internal carotid artery

front 111

What is 13?

back 111

ascending pharyngeal artery

front 112

What is 14?

back 112

superficial temporal artery

front 113

Blood from the pharynx drains into the __________ __________ and then into the __________ and __________ __________ veins.

back 113

pterygoid plexus, facial, internal jugular

front 114

where does lymph drain from the palatine tonsils?

__________ __________

back 114

jugulodigastric node

front 115

where does lymph from the pharynx drain?

__________ nodes

__________ nodes

__________ nodes

back 115

retropharyngeal nodes

paratracheal nodes

infrahyoid nodes

front 116

A patient may have enlarged cervical lymph nodes due to a __________ __________ or __________.

back 116

sore throat, tonsillitis

front 117

All pharyngeal muscles are innervated motor-wise by cranial nerve __________, except for the __________ muscle, which is innervated by cranial nerve __________.

back 117

X, stylopharyngeus, IX

front 118

Sensory innervation of the pharynx is region-specific: the __________ is supplied by the pharyngeal branch of __________, the __________ is supplied by cranial nerve __________, and the __________ is supplied by cranial nerve __________.

back 118

nasopharynx, V2, oropharynx, IX, laryngopharynx, X

front 119

the thyroid gland is enclosed by what fascial layer?

__________ __________

back 119

pretracheal fascia

front 120

what is the only muscle innervated by the external branch of superior laryngeal (X)?

__________

back 120

cricothyroid

front 121

The thyroid gland receives blood from the __________ __________ artery, which is the first branch of the __________ __________ artery, and the __________ __________ artery, which arises from the __________ __________.

back 121

superior thyroid, external carotid, inferior thyroid, thyrocervical trunk

front 122

Removal of parathyroid glandular tissue during a thyroidectomy can result in __________, a condition caused by low serum levels of __________, leading to increased neuromuscular __________.

back 122

tetany, calcium, excitability

front 123

During a thyroidectomy, it is critical not to damage the __________ (also called __________) __________ nerves, as this can lead to __________ __________. Additionally, care must be taken to preserve the __________ __________.

back 123

recurrent, inferior, laryngeal, laryngeal paralysis, parathyroid glands

front 124

What is 1?

back 124

laryngeal inlet

front 125

What is 2?

back 125

cuneiform tubercle

front 126

What is 3?

back 126

corniculate tubercle

front 127

What is 4?

back 127

interartenoid notch

front 128

What is 5?

back 128

epiglottis

front 129

What is 6?

back 129

aryepiglottic fold

front 130

What is 7?

back 130

vestibule

front 131

What is 8?

back 131

cricoid arch

front 132

What is 9?

back 132

vestibular fold

front 133

What is 10?

back 133

vocal fold

front 134

What is 11?

back 134

trachea

front 135

What is 1?

back 135

epiglottis

front 136

What is 2?

back 136

rima vestibuli

front 137

What is 3?

back 137

rima glottidis

front 138

What is 4?

back 138

interarytenoid fold

front 139

What is 5?

back 139

corniculate tubercle

front 140

What is 6?

back 140

cuneiform tubercle

front 141

What is 7?

back 141

aryepiglottic fold

front 142

What is 8?

back 142

vestibular fold

front 143

What is 9?

back 143

vocal fold

front 144

The three unpaired cartilages of the larynx are the __________, __________, and __________.

back 144

cricoid, thyroid, epiglottis

front 145

The paired cartilages of the larynx include the __________, __________, and __________ cartilages.

back 145

arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

front 146

Fibroelastic membranes connect the larynx to the __________ bone above and the __________ below.

back 146

hyoid, trachea

front 147

what is the most inferior laryngeal cartialge?

__________ __________

back 147

cricoid cartilage

front 148

what structures articulate w/ the bilateral articular facets of the cricoid cartilage?

__________ __________ of thyroid cartilage

__________ __________

back 148

-inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

-arytenoid cartilages

front 149

what structure(s) attach the the depressions on the posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage?

__________ __________ -__________ __________

back 149

posterior crico-arytenoid muscles

front 150

The thyroid angle of the thyroid cartilage measures approximately __________ to __________ degrees, typically ranging between males and females.

back 150

90, 120

front 151

The epiglottic cartilage is a __________-shaped __________ cartilage attached to the __________ aspect of the __________ cartilage. It helps direct the __________ __________ laterally toward the __________ __________ during swallowing.

back 151

leaf, elastic, posterior, thyroid, bolus, piriform fossae

front 152

during swallowing, where does the epiglottic cartilage direct the bolus?

__________ toward __________ __________

back 152

laterally toward piriform fossae

front 153

The anterior (lingual) surface of the epiglottic cartilage is lined by __________ __________ __________ epithelium, while the posterior (laryngeal) surface is lined by __________ epithelium, which is __________ __________ __________ __________ with __________ cells.

back 153

stratified squamous nonkeratinized, respiratory, pseudostratified columnar ciliated, goblet

front 154

Mobilization of the __________ cartilages is essential for vocalization, as they "swivel" on the __________ cartilage.

back 154

arytenoid, cricoid

front 155

The __________ cartilages are located at the __________ (apices) of the __________ cartilages, while the __________ cartilages are embedded in the __________ membrane that attaches the arytenoid cartilages to the __________.

back 155

corniculate, apices, arytenoid, cuneiform, fibroelastic, epiglottis

front 156

The thyrohyoid membrane attaches the __________ cartilage to the __________ bone.

back 156

thyroid, hyoid

front 157

The hyo-epiglottic ligament attaches the __________ of the epiglottis to the __________ bone in the midline.

back 157

midline, hyoid

front 158

The cricotracheal ligament connects the lower border of the __________ cartilage to the __________ __________ of the trachea.

back 158

cricoid, first ring

front 159

The sensory innervation of the larynx above the vocal folds is provided by the __________ branch of the __________ __________ nerve (cranial nerve __________), which penetrates the __________ membrane.

back 159

internal, superior laryngeal, X, thyrohyoid

front 160

what structure attaches the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone?

__________ __________

back 160

thyrohyoid membrane

front 161

The cricothyroid ligament, also known as the __________ or __________ membrane, attaches the __________ of the cricoid cartilage to the __________ ligament and is thickened in the midline to form the __________ __________ ligament.

back 161

cricovocal, cricothyroid, arch, vocal, median cricothyroid

front 162

The __________ membrane has a thickened lower margin called the __________ ligament.

back 162

quadrangular, vestibular

front 163

The __________ margin of the cricothyroid ligament is the __________ ligament, and the __________ margin of the quadrangular membrane is the __________ ligament.

back 163

upper, vocal, lower, vestibular

front 164

The __________ ligament is formed by the upper margin of the __________ ligament, while the __________ ligament is formed by the lower margin of the __________ membrane.

back 164

vocal, cricothyroid, vestibular, quadrangular

front 165

To perform a cricothyrotomy in an emergency, locate the __________ __________ membrane between the __________ cartilage and the __________ cartilage, just inferior to the __________ __________. Make a __________ cm __________ incision, then use a curved __________ to push through the membrane and place the __________ tubing.

back 165

cricothyroid, thyroid, cricoid, laryngeal prominence, 3, longitudinal, hemostat, endotracheal

front 166

A tracheotomy is performed in a hospital by locating the __________ to __________ tracheal rings, cutting the __________ of the thyroid gland, retracting the __________ muscles, and placing a __________ tube.

back 166

2nd, 4th, isthmus, infrahyoid, tracheostomy

front 167

What is 1?

back 167

mucous glands

front 168

What is 2?

back 168

vestibule of the larynx

front 169

What is 3?

back 169

ventricular fold

front 170

What is 4?

back 170

ventricular fold

front 171

What is 5?

back 171

ventricles

front 172

What is 6?

back 172

vocal fold

front 173

What is 7?

back 173

vocal fold

front 174

What is 8?

back 174

vocalis muscle

front 175

What is 9?

back 175

vocalis muscle

front 176

All muscles of the larynx are innervated by cranial nerve __________. The __________ muscle is uniquely innervated by the __________ branch of the __________ __________ nerve, while all other laryngeal muscles are innervated by the __________ laryngeal nerve, which is the continuation of the __________ laryngeal nerve.

back 176

X, cricothyroid, external, superior laryngeal, inferior, recurrent

front 177

The cricothyroid muscle has two parts: the __________ part and the __________ part.

back 177

oblique, straight

front 178

The cricothyroid muscle is the only laryngeal muscle innervated by the __________ branch of the __________ __________ nerve.

back 178

external, superior laryngeal

front 179

The cricothyroid muscle acts by pulling the __________ cartilage __________ and __________, which elongates the __________ __________ and produces __________-pitch phonation.

back 179

thyroid, down, forward, vocal ligament, higher

front 180

The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle originates from the __________ on the __________ of the cricoid cartilage and inserts on the __________ process of the __________ cartilage. It is innervated by the __________ laryngeal nerve (branch of cranial nerve __________) and acts to __________ the vocal folds by externally __________ the arytenoid cartilage.

back 180

depression, lamina, muscular, arytenoid, recurrent, X, abduct, rotating

front 181

The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle originates from the __________ surface of the __________ arch and inserts on the __________ aspect of the __________ process of the arytenoid cartilage. It is innervated by the __________ laryngeal nerve (branch of cranial nerve __________) and acts to __________ the vocal folds by internally __________ the arytenoid cartilages.

back 181

superior, cricoid, anterior, muscular, recurrent, X, adduct, rotating

front 182

The transverse arytenoid muscle attaches to the __________ border of the __________ surface of the __________ cartilages. It is innervated by the __________ laryngeal nerve (cranial nerve __________) and acts to pull the cartilages toward one another, thereby __________ the cartilages and __________ folds.

back 182

lateral, posterior, arytenoid, recurrent, X, adducts, vocal

front 183

What is 1?

back 183

rima glottidis

front 184

What is 2?

back 184

vocal ligaments

front 185

What is 3?

back 185

vocalis muscle

front 186

What is 4?

back 186

lateral cricothyroid ligament

front 187

What is 5?

back 187

lateral crico-arytenoid

front 188

What is 6?

back 188

posterior crico-arytenoid

front 189

What is 7?

back 189

oblique arytenoid

front 190

What is 8?

back 190

transverse arytenoid

front 191

The oblique arytenoid muscle is innervated by the __________ laryngeal nerve and acts as a __________ of the laryngeal __________, helping to __________ it closed.

back 191

recurrent, sphincter, inlet, close

front 192

The vocalis muscle attaches from the __________ process of the __________ cartilages to the __________ of the __________ cartilage and runs along the __________ ligament. It is innervated by the __________ laryngeal nerve (cranial nerve __________) and acts to __________ tension on the vocal __________.

back 192

vocal, arytenoid, angle, thyroid, vocal, recurrent, X, adjust, cords

front 193

The thyroarytenoid muscle is innervated by the __________ laryngeal nerve and acts to __________ the vocal ligament, which __________ the pitch of the voice.

back 193

recurrent, relax, lowers

front 194

The superior laryngeal artery branches off the __________ __________ artery, which is the first branch of the __________ __________ artery.

back 194

superior thyroid, external carotid

front 195

The superior laryngeal artery enters the larynx alongside the __________ __________ nerve and continues with the __________ __________ nerve to supply the __________ muscle.

back 195

inferior thyroid, thyrocervical, subclavian

front 196

The inferior laryngeal artery accompanies the __________ __________ nerve.

back 196

recurrent laryngeal

front 197

The external laryngeal nerve travels with the __________ __________ artery as it continues after entering the __________.

back 197

superior laryngeal, larynx

front 198

The internal laryngeal nerve travels with the __________ __________ artery to enter the __________.

back 198

superior laryngeal, larynx

front 199

The recurrent laryngeal nerve travels with the __________ __________ artery.

back 199

inferior laryngeal

front 200

Damage to the __________ __________ nerve during a thyroidectomy can cause __________, leading to a __________ voice.

back 200

recurrent laryngeal, hoarseness, hoarse

front 201

Damage to the superior laryngeal nerve paralyzes the __________ muscle (innervated by the __________ branch) and causes loss of sensation from the larynx __________ the vocal folds (innervated by the __________ branch).

back 201

cricothyroid, external, above, internal

front 202

Common symptoms of superior laryngeal nerve damage include __________ voice __________ and a __________ pitch range. These effects are more subtle than injury to the __________ laryngeal nerve.

back 202

easy, fatigue, decreased, recurrent

front 203

Lymphatic drainage of the larynx above the vocal folds follows the __________ __________ artery to the __________ cervical lymph nodes located at the bifurcation of the __________ __________ artery.

back 203

superior laryngeal, deep, common carotid

front 204

Lymphatic drainage of the larynx below the vocal folds follows the __________ __________ artery.

back 204

inferior laryngeal

front 205

where was the cancer located in this patient? how can you tell?

back 205

above the vocal folds, higher up on neck

front 206

Lymphatic drainage from the larynx __________ the vocal folds drains to the __________ cervical lymph nodes near the bifurcation of the __________ __________ artery, located higher up on the neck.

back 206

above, deep, common carotid

front 207

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve wraps around the __________ artery

back 207

subclavian

front 208

the left recurrent laryngeal nerve wraps around the __________ of the __________ and the __________ __________.

back 208

arch, aorta, ligamentum arteriosum