Types of prokaryotic cell division

binary fission

conjugation

Binary fission

when prokaryotes, replicate the DNA and then split in half.

Forms two identical cells

Asexual reproduction

Conjugation

process that occurs in bacteria

one cell transfers a copy of extra chromosomal DNA (plasmid)

chromatin

DNA wrapped around histone proteins

in this stage during interphase and cytokinesis

chromosome

Chromatin that condenses and supercoils before cell division

sister chromatids

a chromosome paired with its identical copy

held together by centromere

Cell Cycle

3 stages in the life of a cell

Interphase

Mitosis

Cytokinesis

Interphase

the time in between cell divisions

where a cell spends most of it life

3 steps: G1, S, G2

G1

First growth in interphase

Gap 1 phase

time where cell does its job

eats, gets rid of waste, makes proteins

S phase

synthesis stage

Time when DNA replication occurs during interphase

G2

2nd Growth phase

Gap 2 phase

Cell produces any extra materials or organelles needed for cell division

centromere

structure that holds sister chromatids together

centrioles

organelles in animal cells that release the spindle fibers

spindle fibers

rope like structures that attach to the centromeres and help separate the sister chromatids

Mitosis

division of the nucleus

prophase

first stage of mitosis

sister chromatids appear held by a centromere

nuclear envelope and nucleolus start to break down

centrioles move to opposite poles

metaphase

sister chromatids line up along the midline or equator of the cell

spindle fibers attach to the centromeres

anaphase

third stage of mitosis

spindle fibers retract and pull sister chromatids apart

individual chromosomes move towards opposite poles

telophase

end of mitosis

chromosomes reach opposite ends of cells

cell is elongated

new nuclei and nucleoli begin to form

cytokinesis

cell splits into two identical daughter cells

animal cells have a cleavage furrow (pinching of cell membrane )

plant cells have a cell plate that forms between the 2 cells and separates them

cancer cells

cells that divide more often

do not spend time in interphase