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Chp. 17 Study questions - Blood

front 1

Neutrophil

  • Most common WBC found in whole blood
  • Main bacteria killer during acute infection.

Monocyte

  • Mounts an immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies.
  • Becomes a macrophage.

Eosinophil

  • Kills parasitic worms.

Lymphocyte

back 1

NEVER LET MONKEYS EAT BANANA'S

  • Neutrophils
  • Lymphocytes
  • Monocytes
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils

front 2

Nucleus has two lobes; functions as a phagocyte; contains five indistinct granules.

back 2

Neutrophil

front 3

Largest of the WBC's; crucial in defense against viruses; associated with chronic infections

back 3

Monocyte

front 4

Contains a U- or an S- shaped nucleus; granules stain very dark; releases histamine and heparin

back 4

Basophil

front 5

Transports CO2 and oxygen

back 5

Erythrocyte

front 6

Nucleus has two lobes; contains granules of lysosomal enzymes; functions in attacking parasitic worms.

back 6

Eosinophil

front 7

Albumin

back 7

  • The major contributor to plasma osmotic pressure.
  • Makes up most of plasma protein

front 8

Fibrinogen

back 8

  • Thrombin catalyzes the activation of these molecules present in plasma.
  • Forms the structural framework of a blood clot.

front 9

Necessary for coagulation

back 9

Fibrinogen

front 10

Transport proteins that bind to lipids, metal ions, and fat-soluble vitamins

back 10

Alpha and Beta globulins

front 11

Main contributor to osmotic pressure

back 11

Albumin

front 12

Antibodies released by plasma cells during immune respone

back 12

Gamma globulins

front 13

Protein capable of changing shape and color in the presence of O2

back 13

Hemoglobin

front 14

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte

back 14

Neutrophil

front 15

Adverse reaction of donor blood cells with recipient plasma

back 15

Agglutination

front 16

Lacking in hemophilia type A

back 16

Factor VIII

front 17

White blood cell without cytoplasmic granules

back 17

Monocyte

front 18

Hormone that stimulates production of RBC's

back 18

Erythropoietin

front 19

A fibrous protein that gives shape to an RBC plasma membrane

back 19

Spectrin

front 20

Produced by platelets

back 20

Prostaglandin derivates such as Thromboxane A2

front 21

Stimulates WBC production

back 21

Interleukins and CSF's

front 22

Natural anticoagulant found in basophils

back 22

Heparin

front 23

Cancerous condition involving WBC's

back 23

Leukemia

front 24

Condition in which blood has abnormally low oxygen-carrying capacity

back 24

Anemia

front 25

Abnormal excess of erythrocytes resulting in an increase in blood viscosity

back 25

Polycythemia

front 26

Free-floating thrombus in the bloodstream

back 26

Embolism

front 27

Platelet deficiency resulting in spontaneous bleeding from small blood vessels

back 27

Thrombocytopenia

front 28

What is not a functional characteristic of WBC's

back 28

Granulosis

front 29

What is the average normal pH range of blood

back 29

7.35-7.45

front 30

Special type of hemoglobin present in fetal red blood cells is___

back 30

Hemoglobin F

front 31

What is a parent cell for all formed elements of blood?

back 31

Hemocytoblast

front 32

What blood type is the Universal donor?

back 32

O

front 33

What is not a distribution function of blood?

back 33

transport of salts to maintain blood volume

front 34

What is a protective function of blood?

back 34

prevention of blood loss

front 35

TRUE OR FALSE.........

Blood typing for the Kell, Lewis, and Duffy factors is always done before a blood transfusion?

back 35

FALSE

front 36

What might trigger erythropoiesis?

back 36

hypoxia of EPO- producing cells

front 37

Blood reticulocyte counts provide information regarding _____

back 37

rate of erythrocyte formation

front 38

Blood type AB negative can _______

back 38

receive any blood type in moderate amounts except that with the Rh antigen

front 39

What does not describe blood?

back 39

Blood carriers body cells to injured areas for repair

front 40

When neither anti-A serum nor anti-B serum clot on a blood plate with donor blood, the blood is type ______

back 40

O

front 41

What is not true regarding blood cell formation?

back 41

Platelets are formed from myeloblasts

front 42

What does Blood volume restorers not include?

back 42

packed cells

front 43

James has a Hgb measurement of 16g/100ml blood. This is ___

back 43

within normal range

front 44

What plasma protein is the major contributor to osmotic pressure is?

back 44

Albumin

front 45

What can not be expected with polycythemia?

back 45

low blood viscosity

front 46

No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in _____

back 46

monocytes

front 47

What is not a phase of hemostasis?

back 47

fibrinolysis

front 48

What is not a structural characteristic that contributes to erythrocyte gas transport functions?

back 48

mitotically active

front 49

A lack of intrinsic factor, leading to a deficiency of Vitamin B12 and causing an appearance of large pale cells called macrocytes, is characteristic of _______

back 49

pernicious anemia

front 50

What is the slowest step in the clotting process?

back 50

formation of prothrombin activator

front 51

Thromboembolic disorders include _____

back 51

embolus formation, a clot moving within the circulatory system

front 52

What is not a cause of bleeding disorders?

back 52

excess secretion of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

front 53

What is characteristics of all leukocytes?

back 53

they are nucleated

front 54

What is true about blood plasma?

back 54

It is 90% water

front 55

What sticks to the damaged area of a blood vessel and helps seal the break?

back 55

Platelets

front 56

CORRECT SEQUENCE

  • Formation of thromboplastin
  • prothrombin-thrombin
  • fibrinogen- fibrin
  • clot retraction

back 56

no data

front 57

Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean?

back 57

There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma.

front 58

What would not be a possible cause of sickling of RBC's in someone with sickle-cell anemia?

back 58

sleeping in a well ventilated room

front 59

What does not impair coagulation?

back 59

vascular spasm

front 60

When can erythroblastosis fetalis not possibly happen in a child of an Rh negative mother?

back 60

if the father is Rh-

front 61

Blood is a ________

back 61

suspension

front 62

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?

back 62

kidney

front 63

What element can kill parasitic worms?

back 63

Eosinophils

front 64

What is a committed granular leukocyte stem cell that produces neutrophils?

back 64

Myeloblast

front 65

What is the rarest leukocyte?

back 65

basophil

front 66

What is the universal recipient blood type?

back 66

AB-

front 67

When monocytes migrate into the interstitial spaces, they are called?

back 67

macrophages

front 68

What is the stage of development in the life of an erythrocyte during which the nucleus is ejected?

back 68

normoblast

front 69

How many polypeptide chains make up Hgb?

back 69

4

front 70

List the general factors that limit normal clot growth

back 70

removal of coagulation factors and inhibition of activated clotting factors

front 71

When are whole blood transfusions routinely given?

back 71

  • substantial blood loss
  • severe anemia
  • thrombocytopenia

front 72

LIFE CYCLE OF RED BLOOD CELLS

  1. Low O2 levels in blood stimulate kidneys to produce erythropoietin.
  2. Erythropoietin levels rise in blood.
  3. Erythropoietin and raw materials in blood promote erythropoiesis in red bone marrow.
  4. New erythrocytes enter bloodstream; function about 120 days.
  5. Aged and damaged RBC's are engulfed by macrophages of spleen, liver, and bone marrow: the Hgb is broken down.
  6. Raw materials are made available in blood for erythrocyte synthesis.

back 72

no data

front 73

  • Erythrocytes(RBC'S) - biconcave, anucleate disc, salmon colored. (4-6 million) development ( duration -15 days) ( life span - 100-120 days) Transport O2 and CO2.
  • Leukocytes (WBC'S) spherical, nucleated cells. ( 4800-10,800 cells)
  • Granulocytes
    • Neutrophil - multilobed nucleus; inconspicuous cytoplasmic granules. (3000-7000 cells) (Duration 14 days) (lifespan 6 hours to a few days) Phagocytize bacteria.
    • Eosinophil - Bilobed nucleus; red cytoplasmic granules. (100-400 cells) (Duration 14 days) (lifespan 6 hours to a few days) kill parasitic worms; complex role in allergy & asthma.
    • Basophil - bilobed nucleus; large purplish-black cytoplasmic granules, (20-50 cells) (Duration 1-7 days) (lifespan a few hours to a few days) Release histamine and other mediators of inflammation; contain Heparin, an anticoagulant.

Agranulocytes

  • Lymphocyte - spherical or indented nucleus; pale blue cytoplasm. (1500-3000 cells) (duration days to weeks) (lifespan months) mount immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies.
  • Monocyte - U-or kidney- shaped nucleus; gray-blue cytoplasm, (100-700 cells) (duration 2-3 days) (lifespan months) phagocytosis; develop into macrophage in the tissues.

Platelets

  • Discoid cytoplasmic fragments containing granules, stain deep purple, (150,000-400,000 cells) (duration 4-5 days) (lifespan 5-10 days) seal small tears in blood vessels; instrumental in blood clotting.

back 73

no data