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Test #1 Review

front 1

Group of cells combine to form

back 1

Tissue

front 2

The example of Jack rabbit exchanging heat with the environment and maintaining constant body temperature shows which living characteristic of living organisms?

back 2

Regulation

front 3

Viruses that infect and takeover bacteria are called?

back 3

Bacteriophage

front 4

What type of data involve descriptions rather than measurements?

back 4

Qualitative

front 5

Name the organisms that can only replicate/divide when inside its host

back 5

Viruses

front 6

The branch of science that helps in naming, identification and classification of species is called?

back 6

Taxonomy

front 7

Kingdom is the broadest unit of classification. True or False

back 7

False

front 8

The Kingdom Fungi is grouped under which domain?

back 8

domain Eukarya

front 9

What is the total number of domains under which all living organisms are classified into?

back 9

Three

front 10

Give any example of an Ecosystem

back 10

Desert, Rainforest, Deciduous forest, grassland, ocean, tundra, coral reef etc...

front 11

Name the characteristics of life

back 11

Order
Regulation
Energy processing
Evolutionary adaptation
Growth/development
Response to the environment
Reproduction

front 12

What are characteristics of Viruses?

back 12

A borrowed life

front 13

What is the name of the largest virus discovered?

back 13

Mimivirus

front 14

How many species are identified and named to date?

back 14

approx. 1.8 million

front 15

Name the three domains

back 15

domain Bacteria
domain Eukarya
domain Archaea

front 16

What kingdoms are included in domain Eukarya?

back 16

Plantae, Fungi, Animalia

front 17

Biology

back 17

scientific study of life

front 18

Levels of organization in ascending order

back 18

Atoms
Molecules
Organelles
Cell
Tissues
Organ
Organ systems
Organisms
Populations
Communities
Ecosystems
Biosphere

front 19

Communities

back 19

entire array of organism inhabiting a particular ecosystem

front 20

Populations

back 20

all individuals of a species living within the bounds of specified area

front 21

Organisms

back 21

individual living things

front 22

Organ systems

back 22

various organ constitutes to from organ system

front 23

Organ

back 23

carries particular function in the body

front 24

Tissues

back 24

group of similar cells

front 25

Cells

back 25

fundamental unit of structure and function

front 26

Organelles

back 26

various functional components that make up the cell

front 27

Molecule

back 27

chemical structure consisting of two or more atoms

front 28

Levels of classification is descending order

back 28

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

front 29

What are Darwin's two points?

back 29

- species showed evidence of "descent with modification" from common ancestors
- natural selection is the mechanism behind "descent with modification"

front 30

What are Darwin's observations?

back 30

- individuals in a population have traits that vary
- many of these traits are heritable
- more offspring are produced that survive
- competition is inevitable
- species generally suit their environment

front 31

What are Darwin's inferences?

back 31

- individuals that are best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
- over time, more individuals in a population will have the advantageous traits

front 32

What are two main types of scientific inquiry?

back 32

discovery science (inductive) and hypothesis-based science(deductive)

front 33

Discovery science

back 33

describes natural structures and processes

front 34

Data

back 34

recorded observations or items of information

front 35

Name the two categories of data

back 35

Qualitative and Quantitative

front 36

Qualitative data

back 36

descriptions rather than measurements

front 37

Quantitative data

back 37

recorded measurements

front 38

Inductive reasoning

back 38

deriving general principles from particular facts or instances

front 39

Hypothesis

back 39

a tentative answer to a well-framed question

front 40

Deductive reasoning

back 40

uses general premises to make specific predictions

front 41

Why do we need controlled experiments?

back 41

to cancel the effects of unwanted variables

front 42

Limitations of Science

back 42

-observations and experimental results must be repeatable
- cannot support or falsify supernatural explanations

front 43

What is a theory

back 43

- broader in scope than a hypothesis
- general, can lead to new testable hypotheses
- supported by large body of evidence in comparison to a hypothesis

front 44

What are models?

back 44

representations of natural phenomena

front 45

Diagrams, 3D objects, Computer programs, mathematical equations are examples of?

back 45

Models

front 46

How do scientists communicate with each other?

back 46

seminars, publications, and websites

front 47

Substance consisting of two or more elements in fixed ratio is called

back 47

compound

front 48

How many electrons are there in valence shell of oxygen

back 48

six

front 49

Atomic number

back 49

number of protons in the nucleus

front 50

Goiter is caused by the deficiency of which trace element?

back 50

Iodine

front 51

Covalent bond

back 51

formed by sharing pairs of valence electrons

front 52

Sodium chloride is formed by which bond?

back 52

Ionic bond

front 53

Chemical equilibrium

back 53

the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal

front 54

Give an example of polar molecule

back 54

Water, Methane etc..

front 55

Water molecules are hold together by which type of bond?

back 55

Hydrogen bond

front 56

An oxygen molecule is formed by non-polar covalent bond. True or False

back 56

True

front 57

Element

back 57

a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reaction

front 58

Matter

back 58

anything that has mass and takes up space

front 59

Name the four essential elements that constitute 96% of living matter

back 59

hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen

front 60

Name the elements that constitute 4% of living matter

back 60

calcium, phosphorous, potassium, and sulfur

front 61

Name the subatomic particles that an atom is composed of

back 61

proton, neutron, and electron

front 62

Trace elements

back 62

elements required in minute quantities

front 63

Isotopes

back 63

two atoms of an element that differ in number of neutrons

front 64

Mass number

back 64

number of protons + number of neutrons

front 65

Radioactive isotopes

back 65

decay spontaneously giving of particles and energy

front 66

Applications of radioactive isotopes

back 66

dating fossils
tracing atoms through metabolic processes
diagnosing medical disorders

front 67

Valence electrons

back 67

electrons in the outer most shell of an atom

front 68

Electron shell

back 68

electron's state of potential energy

front 69

Energy

back 69

capacity to cause change

front 70

Potential energy

back 70

the energy that matter has because of its location or structure

front 71

Orbital

back 71

3D space where an electron is found 90% of the time

front 72

Molecule

back 72

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

front 73

Structural formula

back 73

H-H

front 74

Molecular formula

back 74

H2

front 75

Nonpolar covalent bond

back 75

equal sharing of electrons

front 76

Polar covalent bond

back 76

unequal sharing of electrons

front 77

Ionic bond

back 77

transfer of electrons

front 78

Anions

back 78

ions with a negative charge

front 79

Cations

back 79

ions with a positive charge

front 80

Electronegativity

back 80

atom's attraction for the electrons in a covalent bond

front 81

Chemical reactions

back 81

making and breaking of chemical bonds

front 82

Reactants

back 82

starting molecules of a chemical reaction

front 83

Products

back 83

final molecules of a chemical reaction

front 84

Hydrogen bonds

back 84

forms when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom

front 85

Which of the following is the electron distribution diagram of Neon (Atomic #10)

back 85

front 86

Four properties of water

back 86

cohesive behavior
ability to moderate temperature
expansion upon freezing
versatility as a solvent

front 87

Cohesion

back 87

hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together

front 88

Adhesion

back 88

attraction between different substances

front 89

Moderation of temperature

back 89

Heat is absorbed
Heat is released
Evaporating cooling

front 90

Evaporating cooling

back 90

as liquid evaporates its remaining surface cools

front 91

Name the property that helps transport of water against gravity in plants

back 91

cohesion

front 92

A solution in which water is a solvent is called

back 92

aqueous solution

front 93

A mixture that is homogeneous mixture of substances

back 93

solution

front 94

Dissolving agent of the solution

back 94

solvent

front 95

Substance that is dissolved

back 95

solute

front 96

Type of substance that does not have an affinity for water are called?

back 96

Hydrophobic

front 97

Type of substance that does have an affinity for water are called?

back 97

Hydrophilic

front 98

Stable suspension of fine particles in a liquid

back 98

colloid

front 99

A substance that reduces H+ ion concentration

back 99

Base

front 100

pH for neutral solution

back 100

pH 7

front 101

A substance which has less OH- conc and more H+ conc is ?

back 101

acid

front 102

Substances that minimize changes in concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution

back 102

Buffers

front 103

HCl, NaOH are examples of

back 103

Buffers

front 104

Between pH 10 and pH 2, which one has more OH- ions concentration

back 104

pH 10

front 105

Acid precipitation

back 105

refers to rain, snow, or fog with a pH lower than 5.6

front 106

What makes large, complex molecules possible?

back 106

tetravalence

front 107

Frequent partners of carbon

back 107

hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen

front 108

In figure above, in which way do the carbon skeleton differ between the two organic compounds?

back 108

Length

front 109

In figure above, in which way do the carbon skeleton differ between the two organic compounds?

back 109

Branching

front 110

In figure above, in which way do the carbon skeleton differ between the two organic compounds?

back 110

Double bonds

front 111

In figure above, in which way do the carbon skeleton differ between the two organic compounds?

back 111

Rings

front 112

Isomers

back 112

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures

front 113

The above structure is an example of what type of isomer?

back 113

Structural isomers

front 114

The above structure is an example of what type of isomer?

back 114

Geometric isomers

front 115

The above structure is an example of what type of isomer?

back 115

Enantiomers

front 116

Name the seven functional groups discussed in class

back 116

Hydroxyl
Carbonyl
Carboxyl
Amino
Sulfhydryl
Phosphate
Methyl

front 117

back 117

Hydroxyl

front 118

back 118

Carbonyl

front 119

back 119

Carboxyl

front 120

back 120

Amino

front 121

back 121

Sulfhydryl

front 122

back 122

Phosphate

front 123

back 123

Methyl

front 124

Carboxylic group is found in what type of chemical compound?

back 124

acid

front 125

Macromolecules

back 125

large molecules composed of thousands of monomers

front 126

Polymer

back 126

long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks

front 127

Monomers

back 127

the small building block molecules

front 128

Condensation reaction

back 128

two monomers bonding (loss of water molecule)

front 129

Hydrolysis

back 129

polymers are broken down into monomers (addition of water)

front 130

Name the subgroups of Carbohydrates

back 130

Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide

front 131

Name the types of monosaccharide

back 131

ketoses
aldoses

front 132

Is glucose aldose or ketose

back 132

aldose

front 133

Is fructose aldose or ketose

back 133

ketose

front 134

Name the different types of polysaccharides

back 134

storage polysaccharides
structural polysaccharides

front 135

Carbohydrates are formed by what kind of bonds?

back 135

glycosidic linkage

front 136

Function of carbohydrates

back 136

energy source

front 137

Name the subgroups of lipids

back 137

fats
phospholipids
steroids

front 138

Lipids are formed by what kind of bonds?

back 138

ester linkages

front 139

Building blocks of lipids

back 139

glycerol + fatty acids

front 140

Building blocks of phospholipids

back 140

phosphate group + fatty acids

front 141

Building blocks of steroids

back 141

four fused carbon rings

front 142

Functions of lipids

back 142

long term energy storage
membranes
insulation
sex hormones

front 143

Saturated fats

back 143

fatty acids containing no double bonds

front 144

Unsaturated fats

back 144

fatty acids containing one or more double bonds

front 145

Where are phospholipids found?

back 145

cell membranes

front 146

Cholesterol

back 146

a steroid in animal cell membrane

front 147

What are subgroups of proteins?

back 147

Enzymatic
Structural
Storage
Transport
Hormonal
Receptor
Contractile and motor
Defenisve

front 148

Proteins are formed by which bonds?

back 148

peptide bonds

front 149

What are building blocks of proteins?

back 149

amino acids

front 150

Transthyretin is an example of?

back 150

protein

front 151

What are amino acids

back 151

organic molecules with carboxyl, and amino groups

front 152

Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine are examples of?

back 152

Nonpolar amino acids

front 153

Serine, Threonine, Cysteine, Tyrosine, Asparagine, Glutamine are examples of?

back 153

Polar amino acids

front 154

Four levels of protein structure

back 154

primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary

front 155

Primary structure

back 155

the sequence of amino acids in a protein

front 156

Secondary structure

back 156

result from hydrogen bond between repeating constituents of the polypeptide backbone

front 157

α helix and β pleated sheet are examples of?

back 157

secondary structure

front 158

Tertiary structure

back 158

determined by interactions between R groups

front 159

Disulfide bridges

back 159

reinforce the protein structure

front 160

Quaternary structure

back 160

two or more polypeptide chains form one macromolecules

front 161

Hemoglobin results from which level of protein structure?

back 161

quaternary protein structure

front 162

Chitin is an example of?

back 162

structural polysaccharide

front 163

Polypeptides

back 163

polymers built from the same set of 20 amino acids

front 164

Name the subgroups of nucleic acids

back 164

DNA and RNA

front 165

Nucleic acids are formed by which kind of bonds

back 165

hydrogen bonds

front 166

What are building blocks for nucleic acids

back 166

Nucleotide

front 167

What is nucleotide made up of

back 167

Phosphate + pentose sugar + nitrogenous base

front 168

What is nucleoside

back 168

pentose sugar + nitrogenous base

front 169

What are functions of nucleic acids?

back 169

genetic material

front 170

Name all nitrogenous bases

back 170

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine (DNA), Uracil (RNA)

front 171

Which bases are pyrimidines?

back 171

Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil

front 172

Which bases are purines?

back 172

Adenine and Guanine

front 173

Adenine pairs with? (DNA)

back 173

Thymine

front 174

Guanine pairs with?

back 174

Cytosine

front 175

Adenine pairs with? (RNA)

back 175

Uracil

front 176

How do RNA and DNA differ

back 176

RNA has one more oxygen then DNA in the pentose sugar