front 1 Microbes are not responsible for: | back 1 antibody production |
front 2 The cell theory states that_______are made up of cells. | back 2 All living things |
front 3 In Pasteur's swan neck flask experiment, the importance of the S-shaped curves in the flasks was two-fold. The curves allowed entry of air, and yet excluded: | back 3 Airborne bacteria |
front 4 Pasteurization was first developed to kill_______in wine. | back 4 Spoilage bacteria |
front 5 Robert Koch's studies on Bacillus anthracis established a sequence of experimental steps to prove that microbes: | back 5 Cause disease |
front 6 An exposure to________protects against infection with smallpox. | back 6 Cowpox |
front 7 Ehrlich searched for a/an___________. This is a chemical that would hunt down and destroy a pathogen without harming the infected host. | back 7 Magic bullet |
front 8 How would you recognize an antibiotic-producing soil bacterium on a plate crowded with other bacteria? The bacterial colony producing the antibiotic would be: | back 8 Surrounded by a clear area |
front 9 The usefulness of antibiotics is hampered by: | back 9 The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. |
front 10 All life can be classified into three domains: | back 10 Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya |
front 11 Which is not a characteristic of bacteria? | back 11 Bacteria have cell walls containing chitin. |
front 12 All of the following are eukaryotes except: | back 12 Bacteria |
front 13 Which of the following is not true of the archaea? | back 13 They are commonly associated with human disease. |
front 14 Using microbes to clean up pollutants is called: | back 14 Bioremediation |
front 15 Placing the DNA from an animal cell into the genome of a bacterium will allow the bacterium to produce an animal product. This new piece of DNA is referred to as: | back 15 Recombinant DNA |
front 16 Which of the following properties are true of both bacteria and viruses? | back 16 Both use a molecule of nucleic acid to determine heredity |
front 17 Which is not a characteristic of the normal microbiota? | back 17 Regularly associated with disease symptoms |
front 18 Increased human exposure to new and unusual infectious agents in areas that are undergoing ecologic changes accounts for the: | back 18 emergence of new infectious disease |
front 19 Mad cow disease is caused by a prion which is an infectious: | back 19 Protein |
front 20 Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is transmitted by: | back 20 Person-to-person contact |
front 21 Robert Hooke's observation of the individual units in thin layers of cork tissue led to the development of______theory. | back 21 cell |
front 22 Pasteur, Bassi, and Lister made discoveries showing the relationship between microbes and diseases. These discoveries led to the_______. | back 22 germ theory |
front 23 Lister knew that carbolic acid (phenol) kills bacteria. He used it as the first_______. | back 23 disinfectant |
front 24 The protection from disease provided by vaccination is called______. | back 24 immunity |
front 25 One of the biggest challenges for immunologists today is learning how the immune system might be stimulated to ward off the virus responsible for __________, a disease that destroys the immune system. | back 25 AIDS |
front 26 The __________ are unicellular, eukaryotic microbes that move by pseudopods, flagella, or cilia | back 26 protozoa |
front 27 Methods that prevent contamination of materials by unwanted microbes are called __________ techniques. | back 27 aseptic |
front 28 __________ involves the ability afforded by genetic engineering to insert a missing gene or replace a defective gene in a human cell. | back 28 Gene therapy |
front 29 __________ disease is one in which pathogens invade a susceptible host. | back 29 Infectious |
front 30 Bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and algae are all examples of __________. | back 30 microorganisms |
front 31 Microorganisms | back 31 minute living things that are to small to be seen with the unaided eye |
front 32 Devised the system for naming organisms | back 32 Carolus Linnaeus |
front 33 Devised cell theory, said life smallest structures looked like little boxes | back 33 Robert Hooke |
front 34 Methanogens, Extreme Halophilic, Extreme Thermophilic | back 34 Three main groups of Archaea |
front 35 Rod shaped bacteria | back 35 Bacilli |
front 36 Developed the first vaccine, vaccinated children from small pox | back 36 Edward Jenner |
front 37 First microbiologist, discovered and viewed bacteria and protozoa | back 37 Anton Van Leeuwenhoek |
front 38 Ball shaped bacteria | back 38 Cocci |
front 39 Small internal structures that do a job for the cell | back 39 Organelles |
front 40 English bacteriologist who discovered penicillin (1881-1955 | back 40 Alexander Fleming |
front 41 polysaccharides | back 41 chitin |
front 42 Spiral shaped bacteria | back 42 Spirilli |
front 43 Three shapes of bacteria | back 43 Bacilli, Cocci, Spirilli |
front 44 Likes salty conditions | back 44 Extreme Halophilic |
front 45 Likes hot conditions | back 45 Extreme Thermophilic |
front 46 Two types of Fungi: | back 46 Yeasts and Molds |
front 47 Visible masses on mold composed from hyphae | back 47 Mycelia |
front 48 Fungi, multicellular, forms mycelia | back 48 Mold |
front 49 Long filaments in mycelia | back 49 Hyphae |
front 50 False feet | back 50 Pseudopods |
front 51 Short appendages | back 51 Cilia |
front 52 Living cells come from living cells | back 52 Biogenenis |
front 53 Life comes from non-living matter | back 53 Spontaneous Generation |
front 54 Tested two jars with raw meat, one with a gauze for air and the other without a lid or gauze, the jar without the lid or gauze developed maggots | back 54 Francesco Redi |
front 55 Disproved spontaneous generation, developed aseptic techniques to prevent contamination, discovered how fermentation and pasteurization work | back 55 Louis Pasteur |
front 56 Heating to kill bacteria that causes spoilage | back 56 Pasteurization |
front 57 Yeasts convert sugars into alcohol in the absence of air | back 57 Fermantation |
front 58 Fungi, Protozoa, Helminths, Viruses | back 58 Eukaryotic Microorganisms |
front 59 Said cells arise from preexisting cells | back 59 Rudolf Virchow |
front 60 Established the system of nomenclature for naming organisms | back 60 Carolus Linnaeus |
front 61 devised a system of classification for grouping organisms into domains | back 61 Carl Woese |
front 62 laid the groundwork for development of the cell theory | back 62 Robert Hooke |
front 63 was the first to observe microorganisms using a simple microscope | back 63 Antoni van Leeuwenhoek |
front 64 demonstrated that maggots appeared on decaying meat only when flies were able to lay eggs on the meat | back 64 Francesco Redi |
front 65 claimed that microorganisms could arise spontaneously from heated nutrient broth; claimed a
| back 65 John Needham |
front 66 suggested that Needham’s results were due to microorganisms in the air entering his broth | back 66 Lazzaro Spallanzani |
front 67 showed the importance of oxygen to life | back 67 Anton Laurent Lavoisier |
front 68 introduced the concept of biogenesis: living cells can arise only from preexisting cells | back 68 Rudolf Virchow |
front 69 demonstrated that microorganisms are in the air everywhere and offered proof of biogenesis;
| back 69 Louis Pasteur |
front 70 originally proved one silkworm disease was caused by a fungus; he and Pasteur later found that a more recent silkworm infection was caused by a protozoan | back 70 Agostino Bassi |
front 71 demostrated that physicians who did not disinfect their hands routinely transmitted infections | back 71 Ignaz Semmelweis |
front 72 used phenol red (carbolic acid) to successfully treat surgical wounds thereby proving a connection with microbes and surgical infection | back 72 Joseph Lister |
front 73 proved that microorganisms cause disease; he used a
| back 73 Robert Koch |
front 74 demonstrated that inoculation with cowpox material provides humans with immunity to smallpox | back 74 Edward Jenner |
front 75 introduced an arsenic-containing chemical called
| back 75 Paul Ehrlich |
front 76 observed that the Penicillium fungus inhibited the growth of a bacterial culture. He named the active ingredient penicillin | back 76 Alexander Fleming |
front 77 Researchers who studies biodegradation of toxic wastes. | back 77 Biotechnology and Microbial Ecology |
front 78 Researchers who studies the causative agent of Ebola hemorrhagic fever | back 78 Virology |
front 79 Researchers who studies the production of human proteins by bacteria | back 79 Biotechnology, Microbial Genetics and Microbial physiology |
front 80 Researchers who studies the symptoms of AIDS | back 80 Immunology |
front 81 Researchers who studies the production of toxins by E.coli | back 81 Microbial physiology |
front 82 Researchers who studies the life cyle of Crptosporidium | back 82 Microbial ecology |
front 83 Researchers who develops gene therapy for a disease | back 83 Microbial genetics |
front 84 Researchers who studies the fungus Candida albicans | back 84 Mycology |
front 85 Not composed of cells | back 85 Viruses |
front 86 Cell wall made of chitin | back 86 Fungi |
front 87 Cell wall made of peptidoglycan | back 87 Bacteria |
front 88 Cell wall made of cellulose; photosynthetic | back 88 Algae |
front 89 Unicellular, complex cell structure lacking a cell wall | back 89 Protozoa |
front 90 Multicellular animals | back 90 Helminths |
front 91 Prokaryote without peptidoglycan cell wall | back 91 Archaea |
front 92 Discovered how DNA controls proteins synthesis in a cell | back 92 Jacob and Monod |
front 93 Discovered that DNA can be transferred from one bacterium to another | back 93 Lederberg and Tatum |
front 94 First to characterize a virus | back 94 Stanley |
front 95 Observed that viruses are filterable | back 95 Iwanowski |
front 96 Proved that DNA are is the hereditary material | back 96 Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty |
front 97 Showed that gene codes for enzymes | back 97 Beadle and Tatum |
front 98 Spliced animal DNA to bacterial DNA | back 98 Berg |
front 99 Used bacteria to produce acetone | back 99 Weizmann |
front 100 Used the first synthetic chemotherapeutic agent | back 100 Ehrich |
front 101 Proposed a classification system for streptococci based on antigens in their cell walls | back 101 Lancefield |