front 1 Who is considered the "father of Western medicine"? | back 1 Hippocrates |
front 2 Who was the first to observe "animalcules" under the microscope? | back 2 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |
front 3 Which of the following is a prokaryotic microorganism? | back 3 Cyanobacterium |
front 4 Not a subfield of microbiology? | back 4 Botany |
front 5 You place a specimen under the microscope and notice that parts of the specimen begin to emit light immediately. | back 5 Fluorescent |
front 6 Microscope for small surface structures of a cell | back 6 SEM |
front 7 Mordant used in gram staining? | back 7 Iodine |
front 8 Microscope that shines a cone of light so that light only hits the specimen indirectly, producing a light image on a dark background | back 8 Darkfield |
front 9 Prokaryotic cell that is COMMA shaped? | back 9 Vibrio |
front 10 Bacterial cell walls are primarily composed of which of the following? | back 10 Peptidoglycan |
front 11 Which of the following organelles is not part of the endomembrane system? | back 11 Peroxisome |
front 12 Uptake of small dissolved molecules into vesicles: | back 12 Pinocytosis |
front 13 The term microbiota refers to which of the following? | back 13 Microorganisms in a region of body |
front 14 type of interaction between two prokaryotic populations in which one population benefits and the other is not affected? | back 14 commensalism |
front 15 Which of the following is the organelle that spirochetes use to propel themselves? | back 15 axial filament |
front 16 photosynthesis performed by bacteria with the use of water as the donor of electrons? | back 16 oxygenic |
front 17 Archaea and Bacteria are most similar in terms of their _ | back 17 unicellular structure |
front 18 Molecules bearing both polar and nonpolar groups are said to be which of the following? | back 18 amphipathic |
front 19 Proteomic analysis is a methodology that deals with which of the following? | back 19 all proteins of an organism |
front 20 organism that obtains its energy from the transfer of electrons originating from chemical compounds and its carbon from an inorganic source? | back 20 Chemoautotroph |
front 21 are organic molecules that help enzymes work correctly? | back 21 coenzymes |
front 22 Which is the location of electron transport systems in prokaryotes? | back 22 Cytoplasmic membrane |
front 23 is not an electron carrier within an electron transport system? | back 23 ATP synthase |
front 24 Which of the following is the purpose of fermentation? | back 24 regenerate NAD+ |
front 25 Is not produced during breakdown on phospholipids? | back 25 glucose |
front 26 Which is NOT part of nitrogen → nitrogen gas conversion? | back 26 nitrogen fixation |
front 27 Glycolysis requires oxygen or another inorganic final electron acceptor to proceed. | back 27 False |
front 28 What is the function of the Z ring in binary fission? | back 28 contractile ring at septum |
front 29 If a culture starts with 50 cells, how many cells will be present after five generations with no cell death? | back 29 1600 |
front 30 Quorum sensing is used by bacterial cells to determine which of the following? | back 30 Population density |
front 31 Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen that infects the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis. It does not grow in the absence of oxygen. | back 31 Obligate aerobe |
front 32 A soup container was forgotten in the refrigerator and shows contamination. The contaminants are probably which of the following? | back 32 psychrotrophs |
front 33 Which of the following is the reason jams and dried meats often do not require refrigeration to prevent spoilage? | back 33 low water activity |
front 34 Which of the following environments would harbor psychrophiles? | back 34 Mountain lake 12 deg cel |
front 35 EMB agar is an example of which of the following? | back 35 Selective + differential + complex |
front 36 not found with DNA? | back 36 Amino acids |
front 37 Which of the following statements about base pairing in DNA is incorrect? | back 37 Adenine binds guanine |
front 38 Which of the following is not involved in the initiation of replication? | back 38 Ligase |
front 39 Which of the following components is involved in the initiation of transcription? | back 39 promoter |
front 40 Which component is the last to join the initiation complex during the initiation of translation? | back 40 Large subunit |
front 41 When the ribosome reaches a nonsense codon, which of the following occurs? | back 41 polypeptide released |
front 42 Which of the following refers to the uptake of naked DNA from the surrounding environment? | back 42 transformation |
front 43 Which of the following refers to the mechanism of horizontal gene transfer naturally responsible for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes within a bacterial population? | back 43 conjugation |
front 44 All of the following are processes used to introduce DNA molecules into bacterial cells except: | back 44 transcription |
front 45 The enzyme that uses RNA as a template to produce a DNA copy is called: | back 45 reverse transcriptase |
front 46 Which biosafety level is appropriate for research with microbes or infectious agents that pose moderate risk to laboratory workers and the community, and are typically indigenous? | back 46 BSL- 2 |
front 47 Which of the following is suitable for use on tissues for microbial control to prevent infection? | back 47 Antiseptic |
front 48 Which of the following microbial control methods does not actually kill microbes or inhibit their growth but instead removes them physically from samples? | back 48 Filtration |
front 49 Bleach is an example of which group of chemicals used for disinfection? | back 49 Halogens |
front 50 The effectiveness of chemical disinfectants has historically been compared to that of which of the following? | back 50 Phenol |
front 51 Which type of test is used to determine whether disinfectant solutions actively used in a clinical setting are being used correctly? | back 51 In-use test |
front 52 Which of the following refers to a germicide that can kill vegetative cells and certain enveloped viruses but not endospores? | back 52 low-level |
front 53 Which of the following routes of administration would be appropriate and convenient for home administration of an antimicrobial to treat a systemic infection? | back 53 oral |
front 54 Which of the following combinations would most likely contribute to the development of a superinfection? | back 54 Long-term use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials |
front 55 Which of the following terms refers to the ability of an antimicrobial drug to harm the target microbe without harming the host? | back 55 selective toxicity |
front 56 Which of the following does not bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit? | back 56 tetracyclines |
front 57 Which of the following would be a sign of an infection? | back 57 fever |
front 58 During an oral surgery, the surgeon nicked the patient's gum with a sharp instrument and bacterial endocarditis developed. Which type of disease is this? | back 58 iatrogenic |
front 59 A communicable disease that can be easily transmitted from person to person is which type of disease? | back 59 contagious |
front 60 Which of the following is a pathogen that could not be identified by the original Koch's postulates? | back 60 Human immunodeficiency virus |
front 61 Which of the following would be a virulence factor of a pathogen? | back 61 A surface protein allowing binding to host cells |
front 62 Which of the following lists the steps of pathogenesis in correct order? | back 62 Exposure, adhesion, invasion, infection |
front 63 A new toxin is gram-negative, protein, highly toxic, heat labile, and targets liver cells. What is its classification? | back 63 exotoxin |
front 64 Major virulence factor for Cryptococcus: | back 64 capsule |
front 65 Which pathogen undergoes antigenic variation? | back 65 plasmodium |
front 66 Transmission of disease via mosquito bite is which type? | back 66 Biological vector transmission |
front 67 Contaminated well from cattle pasture is which type of transmission? | back 67 Vehicle transmission |
front 68 Which is NOT an emerging disease? | back 68 tuberculosis |
front 69 Why focus on emerging diseases with few cases? | back 69 they are increasing therefore not controlled |
front 70 Bacteriocins and defensins are: | back 70 Antimicrobial peptides |
front 71 Chemical mediator secreted onto skin surface: | back 71 sebum |
front 72 Complement pathway triggered by acute-phase protein binding: | back 72 lectin |
front 73 White blood cells are: | back 73 Leukocytes |
front 74 White blood cells are also referred to as: | back 74 Leukocytes |
front 75 Granulocytes are which type of cell? | back 75 Leukocyte |
front 76 PAMPs are found on: | back 76 Pathogen |
front 77 Swelling due to inflammation: | back 77 edema |
front 78 Inflammation at site of injury or infection: | back 78 acute |
front 79 The innate nonspecific immune system is: | back 79 Generalized defenses against groups of pathogens |
front 80 Cellular adaptive immunity is carried out by: | back 80 T cells |
front 81 Most antigenic molecules are: | back 81 proteins |
front 82 A superantigen: | back 82 Activates T cells nonspecifically and uncontrollably |
front 83 Cytotoxic T cells bind: | back 83 Antigens presented with MHC I molecules |
front 84 Rabies antibody injection after bite is: | back 84 Artificial passive immunity |
front 85 Cold infection and recovery with immunity after is: | back 85 Natural active immunity |
front 86 Type I hypersensitivity cells include | back 86 Mast cell |
front 87 An immune complex is: | back 87 Antibody and antigen molecules |
front 88 Which cells are primarily responsible for adaptive immunity? | back 88 lymphocytes |
front 89 Which type of lymphocyte produces antibodies? | back 89 B cells |
front 90 Cell-mediated immunity is mainly carried out by: | back 90 T cells |
front 91 Main feature of adaptive immunity is: | back 91 Specificity and memory |
front 92 Antibodies are produced after B cells become: | back 92 Plasma cells |
front 93 Helper T cells function by: | back 93 Activating other immune cells |
front 94 Activating other immune cells | back 94 Infected host cells |
front 95 Memory cells are important because they: | back 95 Provide faster response upon re-exposure |
front 96 Vaccination works mainly by stimulating: | back 96 Adaptive immune memory |
front 97 Adaptive immunity is best described as: | back 97 slow first, stronger later |
front 98 The wheel under the stage that adjusts the amount of light is called the: | back 98 Diaphragm |
front 99 Prokaryotes usually have a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotes usually have multiple origins of replication | back 99 True |
front 100 good | back 100 luck!! |