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50 notecards = 13 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

immunity- exam 1

front 1

phagocytosis

back 1

eating away @ microorganisms.

front 2

antigen

back 2

fights off specific antigens

front 3

autoimmune disease

back 3

where the body is attacking itself

front 4

bone marrow

back 4

immune cells are produced

front 5

thymus gland

back 5

where T cells mature

front 6

Lymph nodes/ vessels

back 6

filter lymph and house lymphocytes

front 7

what is the purpose of vasodilation ?

back 7

healing

front 8

neonates are susceptible to infection because?

back 8

they have an immature immune system

front 9

the first response in the body's defense against the injury is:

back 9

infection

front 10

adaptive immune system response includes 2 major pathways

back 10

  • humoral immunity- B cells produce antibodies
  • cell mediated immunity- T cells destroy infected cells

front 11

immunoglobins (antibodies)

back 11

given due to not having these or a decrease of them in the body

front 12

cell medicated response

back 12

secondary response which involves T cell lymphocytes

-clone itself and go to where it is needed in the body

front 13

why are vaccines given?

back 13

to allow your body to build up to immunity to that specific one (ex:flu)

front 14

active immunity

back 14

  • natural
  • infection recovery
  • artificial
  • vaccination

front 15

passive immunity

back 15

  • natural
  • maternal antibodies
  • artificial
  • immune globin injection

front 16

lymph node biopsy

back 16

tissue obtained by needle aspiration, excision, or needle punch

front 17

histamine

back 17

released from mast cells/basophils;vasodilation;permability

front 18

kinins

back 18

inflammatory mediators causing vasodilation and pain

front 19

prostaglandins

back 19

group of lipids derived from mast cells and basophils

front 20

leukotreines

back 20

a group of lipids derived from mast cells and basophils. causes contraction of bronchial smooth

front 21

cytokines

back 21

signaling proteins regulating immune respons

front 22

what are the three areas swollen glands occur?

back 22

axilla, groin, and neck

front 23

first line of defense (innate immunity)

back 23

  • skins
  • tears
  • earwax
  • mucous membranes
  • urinary tract defenses

front 24

when is the thymus gland the largest?

back 24

during childhood and adolescence

-after adolescence it begins to shrink in size, and its production of T lymphocytes decreases

front 25

what does aging do to the skin?

back 25

causes skin to become thin, less elastic, and more prone to injury; skin is the first barrier encountered by pathogens

front 26

what can the presence of chronic disease do to the immune?

back 26

decreases the immune response

front 27

what two systems work together to defend against internal and external threats ?

back 27

immune and lymphatic systems

front 28

inflammation response

back 28

  • inflammation causes vasodilation and increased capillary permeability
  • this produces redness, warmth, swelling and pain
  • remove downstream vasoconstriction line

front 29

adaptive immune résonne includes two major pathways

back 29

humoral immunity- B cells produce antibodies

cell mediated immunity- T cells destroy infected cells

front 30

IgG

back 30

crosses placenta (provides fetal immunity)

  • most abundant; crosses placenta

front 31

IgM

back 31

first antibody produced in infection

front 32

IgA

back 32

found in mucous membranes and breast milk

front 33

IgE

back 33

allergic reactions and parasitic defense

front 34

ind

back 34

B cell receptor

front 35

cell medicated response

Secondary

back 35

secondary response which involves T cell lymphocytes

  • involves whole cells called sensitized lymphocytes and occurs in the tissues
  • they have been sensitized to a specific antigen after first contact with It

front 36

maintaining a healthy immune system

back 36

  • eating right and getting enough rest and exercise
  • frequently skipping meals, eating unhealthy meals, sleeping too little, or not exercising weakens the immune system and makes people more susceptible to pathogens

front 37

immunizations

back 37

a proven way to decrease illness for individuals and the spread of disease in communities

front 38

skin testing

back 38

one of the most used techniques to measure immunity and identify people who may have a dormant infectious disease

front 39

tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test)

back 39

identify those who might need treatment for TB

front 40

Allergy skin testing

back 40

scratch, intradermal and patch

front 41

skin testing

back 41

several types of skin testing may also be done to identify allergens

  • a scratch test (also called prick test or puncture test)
  • intradermal injection of allergens
  • patches containing allergens
  • inflammation and itching identify those allergens that provoke the immune system

front 42

laboratory tests

back 42

lab tests on blood and serum give important information regarding the status of the immune system

front 43

imaging studies

back 43

computed tomography (CT) , magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) can all be utilized to evaluate the thymus gland and other tissue structures of the immune system

front 44

planning

back 44

  • protect from infection
  • improve health status
  • maintain high degree of wellness to promote optimal immune function

front 45

implementation

back 45

meticulous adherence to standard precautions including appropriate hand hygiene

-implementation of protective isolation promotion of balanced, adequate nutrition

front 46

evaluation

back 46

  • determine whether expected outcomes are being met
  • gather follow up data
  • evaluate effectiveness of nursing and medical interventions

front 47

a rise in body temp signals a normal immune response to infection

(t/f)

back 47

true

front 48

why do you want to avoid aggressive cooling?

back 48

it causes shivering, which increases temperature and oxygen demand

front 49

immunosepression

back 49

patients can become immunosuppressed from the disease process or medical treatment

-strict infection control and neutropenic precautions must be followed

front 50

nutrition and immunosuppression

neutropenic precations

back 50

  • avoid sick contact
  • strict hand hygiene
  • avoid raw foods if severely immunocompromised
  • avoid fresh flowers