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69 notecards = 18 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

review for muscuskeltel exam 1

front 1

musculoskeletal system

back 1

body system responsible for movement , support and protection

front 2

bones

back 2

rigid structure that form Skelton

front 3

joints

back 3

locations where two bones meet and allow movement

front 4

muscles

back 4

tissues that connect to create movement

front 5

cartilage

back 5

flexible tissue that cushion joints

front 6

bone

back 6

dense connective tissue forming the skeleton

front 7

bone marrow

back 7

soft tissue inside bones that produce blood cells

front 8

long bones

back 8

longer than they are wide (ex femur)

front 9

short bones

back 9

cube shaped bones (ex wrist)

front 10

flat bones

back 10

thin protective bones (ex ribs, skull)

front 11

irregular bones

back 11

complex shapes (ex vertebrae)

front 12

joint (articulation)

back 12

point where two bones connect

front 13

ball and socket joint

back 13

allows movement in many directions (hip, shoulder)

front 14

hinge joint

back 14

allows bending and straightening (Knee , elbow)

front 15

pivot joint

back 15

allows rotation

front 16

muscle

back 16

tissue that contracts to create movement

front 17

skeletal muscle

back 17

voluntary muscle attached to bones

front 18

muscle contratcion

back 18

shortening of muscle fibers to move a bone

front 19

cartilage

back 19

Smoot flexible connective tissue covering bone ends

front 20

cartilage actions

back 20

  • reduces friction between bones during movement
  • acts as a shock absorber in joints
  • damage to cartilage contributes to arthritis

front 21

bone density

back 21

amount of mineral content in bone decrease with age

front 22

sarcopenia

back 22

age related loss of muscle mass and strength

front 23

functional mobility

back 23

ability to perform daily movement tasks such as walking or standing

front 24

muscle atrophy

back 24

wasting or decrease in muscle size from lack of use

front 25

contracture

back 25

permeant tightening of muscles or joints

front 26

venous thrombosis

back 26

blood clot that forms in a vein

front 27

neuromuscular assent

back 27

evaluation of circulation and nerve function in a extremity such as fractures, cast or orthopedic surgery

front 28

the 5 P's

back 28

  • pain
  • pallor
  • pulselessness
  • parenthesia
  • paralysis

front 29

parathesia

back 29

numbness or tingling sensation

front 30

paralysis

back 30

inability to move the affected limb

front 31

fracture

back 31

break in continuity of a bone

front 32

reduction

back 32

process of realigning a fractured bone

front 33

closed reduction

back 33

realignment without surgery

front 34

open reduction

back 34

with surgery realignment

front 35

fixation

back 35

stabilization of bone with devices such as plates, screw, or rods

front 36

traction

back 36

use of weights and pulleys to align bones and reduce muscle spams

front 37

skin traction

back 37

applied to skin using straps

front 38

skeletal traction

back 38

applied directly to bone using pins

front 39

compartment syndrome

back 39

increase pressure within muscle compartments reducing blood flow

front 40

fat embolism

back 40

fat globules enter blodostream after long bone fracture

front 41

osteomyelitis

back 41

infection of bone tissue

front 42

venous thrombosis

back 42

clot formation due to immobility

front 43

nursing intervention for fall prevention

back 43

  • safe environment
  • assistive devices
  • mobility support

front 44

how often do you do ROM exercises ?

back 44

3-4 times/day

front 45

contractures begin when?

back 45

within 3 days

front 46

goniometry

back 46

measures range of motion

front 47

bone remodeling

back 47

osteoblast actiivty

front 48

sprain

back 48

ligament injury

front 49

strain

back 49

muscle/tendon injury

front 50

dislocation

back 50

  • complete joint displacement
  • severe pain, deformity
  • risk: nerve and vessel injury

front 51

neuromuscular assessment 6 p's

back 51

  • pain
  • pallor
  • pulselessness
  • parasthesia
  • paralysis
  • poikilothermia

front 52

cast report immediately

back 52

  • increased pain
  • numbness/tingling
  • pale/cool skin
  • odor or drainage

front 53

assistive devices

back 53

  • cane height= wrist level
  • crutches= elbow flexed 30 degrees & weight on hand grips
  • four-pint gait= most stable

front 54

traction

back 54

  • weights must hand freely
  • maintain alignment
  • trapeze bar= helps patient move in bed
  • risk: immobility complications

front 55

EMG

back 55

no caffeine or smoking

front 56

MRI

back 56

remove all metal& stay still

front 57

dexa scan

back 57

diagnosis osteoporosis

front 58

arthroscopy

back 58

monitor pulses

front 59

fracture emergency care

back 59

  • ABC'S
  • control bleeding
  • immobilize
  • neuromuscular checks

front 60

fat embolism

back 60

  • long bone fracture complication
  • respiratory distress
  • confusion
  • petechial rash- small dotted rashes

front 61

EMERGnacy for venous thromoembolism

back 61

  • risk: immobility
  • leg swelling
  • pain
  • SOB(EMERGANCY)

front 62

osteomyelitis

back 62

  • bone infection
  • fever
  • pain
  • swelling

front 63

gout

back 63

  • uric acid buildup
  • severe joint pain
  • teaching: hydration and diet (no red meats / alcohol)

front 64

arthritis

back 64

  • osteoarthritis: wear and tear

front 65

rheumatoid

back 65

autoimmune symmetrical

front 66

joint replacement

back 66

  • early mobility
  • pain control
  • prevent DVT
  • hip precautions:z no crossing legs, bending <90 degrees

front 67

amputation

back 67

  • priority: bleeding and shock
  • prevent contractures
  • phantom limb pain

front 68

report NOW

back 68

  • numbness= not normal
  • pale/cold limb
  • coruscation problems= emergency
  • severe pain
  • SOB
  • fever/drainage

front 69

priority rule

back 69

  • CIRULATION
  • PAIN
  • THAN EVERYHTHING ELSE