front 1 Plasticity means | back 1 ability to change based on experience |
front 2 During the resting state of a voltage-gated Na+ channel 1. The inactivation gate is open 2. The inactivation gate is closed 3. The channel is permeable to Na+ | back 2 both 1 and 2 are true |
front 3 In temporal summation, a single predication neuron stimulates the creation of action potentials in a postsynaptic neuron when it | back 3 fires as a fast enough rate that the sum of EPSPs in the postsynaptic neuron moves above threshold |
front 4 Hearing your phone ring in an otherwise quiet lecture hall is an example of which of the following types of nervous system functions | back 4 sensory function |
front 5 which of the following types of neurons is exclusively found in the cerebellum | back 5 purkinje cells |
front 6 the motor portion of the autbomic nervous system can be divided into | back 6 Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions |
front 7 wallerian degeneration refers to | back 7 degeneration of the distal end of axon and myelin sheath after neural injury |
front 8 which cell is a neuroglial cell that removes debris and acts as a phagocyte | back 8 Mircroglia |
front 9 The cell that forms the myelin sheath around the axon is labeled | back 9 Schwanncells |
front 10 which of the following types of neurons is the most common type of neuron found in the brain and spinal cord | back 10 multipolar neuron |
front 11 Which of the following types of neurons have one axon and one dendrite emerging from the cell body and are found in the retina of the eye, inner ear, and olafactory region of the brain | back 11 bipolar neuron |
front 12 This type of nervous tissues contains neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and neuroglial cells | back 12 gray mater |
front 13 A neurotransmitter that binds to an ionotropic receptor that contains a chlordie channel would be classified as an | back 13 inhibitory neurotransmitter and would produce an IPSP in the postsynaptic neuron |
front 14 Which of the following types of electrical signals allow rapid long distance communication within the nervous system | back 14 nerve action potential |
front 15 A polsynaptic neuron responds to neurotransmitter released by a presynaptic neuron by creating | back 15 either EPSPs or IPSPs |
front 16 Which of the following types of cells display the property of electrical excitability | back 16 Muscle cells & neurons |
front 17 In the process of spatial summation ___ are added together and ___ are subtracted from that total to determine whether__ will be created at the trigger sone of the postsynaptic neuron | back 17 EPSPs; IPSPs; action potential |
front 18 Which type of axons has the largest diameter | back 18 A fibers |
front 19 Which type of channels is involved in leaking sodium and potassium ions across the membrane in order to establish the resting potential of a cell | back 19 leakage channels |
front 20 When the summed total of postsynaptic potential rises above threshold creation of action potential occurs | back 20 at the trigger zone |
front 21 Chromatoylsis refers to | back 21 break up of modal bodies after neural injury |
front 22 Faster communication and sychronized are two advantages of | back 22 electrical synapses |
front 23 Na+/K+-ATPase is considered to be an electrogenic pump because | back 23 It contributes to the negativity of the resting membrane potential |
front 24 Which of the following organelles is a common site of protein synthesis in neurons | back 24 Nissl body |
front 25 Which neuroglial cell forms and maintains the myelin sheath around CNS axons | back 25 Oligodendrocytes |
front 26 An excitatory neurotransmitter ___ the postsynaptic membrane | back 26 Depolarizes |
front 27 Which of the following neurotranmitters are used in vitrually all of the inhibitory synapases found in the spinal cord | back 27 gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine |
front 28 This type of neuron has one dendrite and one axon emerging from the cell body | back 28 bipolar neuron |
front 29 The resting membrane potential in neurons ranges from | back 29 -40 to -90 mV |
front 30 Which of the following is NOT considered a small molecule neurotransmitter | back 30 endorphins |
front 31 Diffusion, enzymatic degradation, and uptake by cells are all ways to | back 31 remove a neurotransmitter |
front 32 The nervous system is the body’s what | back 32 principal control and integrating system |
front 33 The nervous systems respond how many functions | back 33 3 main functions |
front 34 Sensory | back 34 detection of changes inside and outside the body by specialized cells called sensory receptors |
front 35 Intergrative | back 35 interpretation of the changes detected by the sensory mechanisms |
front 36 Motor | back 36 reacting to changes through the action of the organ systems such as the glands(always releasing something) and muscles |
front 37 The central nervous system is made up of | back 37 brain (85 billion neurons), spinal cord (100 million neurons) |
front 38 Central nervous system is the | back 38 source of thoughts, emotions, and memories and signals that stimulate muscle contraction and gland secretion originate here |
front 39 The peripheral nervous system is made up of | back 39 cranial nerves (12 pairs), spinal nerves(31 pairs) |
front 40 Somatic NS is what | back 40 under voluntary control, includes sensory neurons that convert info to the CNS from receptors in the head, body wall, limbs, and from special senses receptors |
front 41 The nervous system that includes motor neurons that conduct impulses to skeletal muscles only | back 41 Somatic NS (peripheral nervous system) |
front 42 Autonomic NS | back 42 under involuntary control includes sensory neurons that convey information to the CNS primarily from visceral organs |
front 43 the nervous system that includes motor neurons that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands | back 43 Autonomic NS( peripheral nervous system) |
front 44 Enetric NS | back 44 under involuntary control consist of over 100 million neurons in enteric plexuses |
front 45 neurons | back 45 cells that conduct nerve impulses |
front 46 Oligodendrocytes | back 46 most common glial cell type. Form myelin sheath around more than one axon in the CNS |
front 47 Microglial | back 47 engage in phagocytosis of cellist debris and damaged nervous tissue. Small cells with slender processes with spine like projections |
front 48 Schwann cells | back 48 produce myelin sheath around single axons and participate in axon regeneration |
front 49 Cell body (soma) | back 49 contains a single nucleus and granular cytoplasm |
front 50 Dendrites | back 50 recieve stimuli and convey nerve impulses to the cell body |
front 51 Axon | back 51 conducts impulses from the neuron to the dendrites of another neuron or to an effector organ of the body |
front 52 The axon and axon collaterals terminate in fine filaments known as axon terminals OR | back 52 Telodendria |
front 53 Afferent sensory neurons | back 53 nerve cells that conduct impulses from the sensory receptors towards the brain |
front 54 Efferent motor neurons | back 54 nerve cells that conduct impulses from the brain towards the effectors ( muscles and glands) |
front 55 The ability to produce nerve impulses ( nerve action potential) is dependent on | back 55 membrane potentials and ion channels |
front 56 Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) | back 56 inhibitory neurotransmitters used in 1/3 of all brain synapses |