Print Options

Card layout: ?

← Back to notecard set|Easy Notecards home page

Instructions for Side by Side Printing
  1. Print the notecards
  2. Fold each page in half along the solid vertical line
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal dotted line
  4. Optional: Glue, tape or staple the ends of each notecard together
  1. Verify Front of pages is selected for Viewing and print the front of the notecards
  2. Select Back of pages for Viewing and print the back of the notecards
    NOTE: Since the back of the pages are printed in reverse order (last page is printed first), keep the pages in the same order as they were after Step 1. Also, be sure to feed the pages in the same direction as you did in Step 1.
  3. Cut out the notecards by cutting along each horizontal and vertical dotted line
To print: Ctrl+PPrint as a list

69 notecards = 18 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Endocrine system- exam 1

front 1

pituitary gland (hypophysis)

back 1

  • connects to the hypothalamus
  • 2 main parts- Anterior pituitary & Posterior pituitary

front 2

anterior pituitary gland

back 2

secretes its hormones in response to releasing hormones from the hypothalamus

front 3

posterior pituitary gland

back 3

stores and releases hormones

front 4

Thyroid Gland

back 4

two lobes that lie below the larynx in front and on both sides of the trachea

front 5

parathyroid gland

back 5

4-6 small glands on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

front 6

Adrenal glands

back 6

  • on top of each kidney
  • adrenal medulla (middle)
  • adrenal cortex (outer portion)

front 7

Pancreas

back 7

  • upper left abdomen
  • alpha cells (outer portion)
  • beta cells (secret insulin)
  • islets of langerhans (where alpha and beta cells are found)

front 8

ovaries

back 8

pelvic cavity- females

front 9

testes

back 9

suspended In the scrotum in males

front 10

pineal gland

back 10

in the midbrain

front 11

thymus gland

back 11

front of thoracic cavity

front 12

heart

back 12

functions as endocrine gland when secreting hormones atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

front 13

what body processes is the endocrine system involved in?

back 13

  • regulation of metabolism
  • growth rate
  • physical development
  • sexual function
  • reproduction
  • fluid balance

front 14

hormones produced by the thyroid ?

back 14

T3, T4, and calcitonin

front 15

hormone produced by the parathyroid

back 15

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

front 16

hormone produced by Anterior pituitary

back 16

prolactin, ACTH, GH, TSH, FSH, LH

front 17

hormones produced by posterior pituitary

back 17

ADH, oxytocin

front 18

hormones produced by Adrenal medulla

back 18

epinephrine &norepinephrine (catecholamines)

front 19

hormones produced by Adrenal cortex (mineralocorticoids &glucocorticoids)

back 19

cortisol, aldosterone, sex hormones- androgens/estorgens

front 20

hormones produced by pancreas

back 20

glutton & insulin

front 21

which gland is considered the master gland of the body ?

back 21

Pituitary

front 22

produces hormones that are secreted into the bloodstream as a result of "releasing hormones" from the hypothalamus

back 22

Anterior pituitary

front 23

Pro

back 23

PROlactin

front 24

Athletes

back 24

ACTH

front 25

Got

back 25

gonadotropins - (FSH,LH)

front 26

To

back 26

TSH

front 27

Grow

back 27

growth hormone

front 28

Does NOT produce hormones

-stores and releases hormones that are produced in the hypothalamus

back 28

Posterior pituitary

front 29

OH! A FLAT PIG

back 29

  • (OH)- Oxytocin
  • (A)- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
  • (F)- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • (L)- luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • (A)- Adronocorteeicotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • (T)- thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • (PI)-Prolactin
  • (G)- growth hormone

front 30

hypothyroidism

back 30

  • deceased thyroid function
  • TSH will be increased
  • T3 AND T4 may be decreased

front 31

s/s of hypothyroidism

back 31

  • cold, tired
  • sluggish
  • decreased metabolism
  • weight gain

front 32

Hyperthyroidism

back 32

Increased thyroid function

  • TSH will be decreased
  • T3 and T4 may be increased

front 33

S/S of hyperthyroidism

back 33

  • warm/increased temp
  • increased metabolism
  • weight loss

front 34

parathyroid hormone

back 34

produced and secreted by by parathyroid glands

front 35

Adrenal medulla

back 35

secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine (catecholamines) in response from the sympathetic nervous system

front 36

what does epinephrine do to the body?

back 36

prepares the body to meet stress or emergency situations and prevents hypoglycemia

front 37

how does norepinephrine function?

back 37

functions as a pressor to maintain blood pressure

front 38

adrenal cortex

back 38

secretes corticosteroids- mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) and glucocorticoids (cortisol)

front 39

mineralocorticoids

back 39

effects electrolytes, particularly NA,K, AND CI

  • influences sodium reabsorption by an action on the renal tubules
  • influences salt and water balance
  • a person with mineralocorticoids would die within 3-7 days

front 40

glucocorticoids

back 40

essential for utilization of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

  • primary is cortisol which acts to increase glucose levels in the blood
  • cortisol also helps counteract the inflammatory response

front 41

aldosterone and cortisol are controlled by what?

back 41

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) releasing hormone from the hypothalamus

front 42

Prolactin

back 42

regulated by prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) and prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH) from hypothalamus

initiates & maintains milk production

secreted post partum

front 43

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

back 43

regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from hypothalamus-t FSH

front 44

Gonadotropic hormone

back 44

targets sex organs- ovaries and testes

front 45

follicle hormone

women

back 45

  • initiates growth of ova in ovarian follicles
  • secretion of estrogen by the cells of the follicle

front 46

follicle

men

back 46

initiates sperm production in testes

front 47

Luteinizing hormone

back 47

regulated by GnRH from hypothalamus

- another gonadotropic hormone

-WOMEN- causes ovulation

-MEN- stimulates secretion of testosterone by testes

front 48

Pancreas is only gland in body that is both endocrine and exocrine

(T/F)

back 48

true

front 49

Endocrine

back 49

secretes into the bloodstream

front 50

exocrine

back 50

secretes through a duct to the target tissue

front 51

endocrine function

back 51

  • insulin - beta cells responsible for producing and secreting insulin
  • glucagon- alpha cells are responsible for releasing glucogon, which stimulates the liver to change glycogen to glucose

front 52

effects of aging on the endocrine system

back 52

  • pituitary gland becomes smaller
  • thyroid becomes more nodular and metabolism gradually declines
  • hormones such as aldosterone, renin, calcitonin, and growth hormone decrease
  • older women have a decrease in estrogen and prolactin and men have a decrease in testosterone

front 53

endocrine disorders

back 53

either an imbalance in the production of the hormone, or an alteration in the body's ability to use the hormone

front 54

causes of endocrine disorders

Primary dysfunction

back 54

  • hypersecretion (over secretion of hormones)
  • hyposecretion (under secretion of hormones)
  • tumors and inflammation

front 55

causes of endocrine disorders

Secondary dysfunction

back 55

medications, trauma, hormone therapy

temporary or permanent

front 56

stimulation tests

back 56

a substance is injected to stimulate a gland

-the hormone secreted by that gland is then measured in the blood to determine how well it responded to the stimulation

front 57

suppression test

back 57

  • opposite of stimulating tests
  • a substance is injected to suppress a hormones release

front 58

thyroid panel

back 58

measures TSH, T4,T3 , thyroid antibodies, calcitonin, and thyroglobulin

-may be ordered as a group or individually

-non fasting test

front 59

thyroid

back 59

METABOLISM

front 60

beta cells

back 60

secreting insulin

front 61

alpha cells

back 61

producing glucogon

front 62

posterior pituitary

ADH AND OXYTOCIN

back 62

stored and released in the hypothalamus

front 63

parathyroid

-has equal Ca levels

back 63

if Ca goes down PTH goes, if Ca goes up PTH goes up

front 64

calcitonin is released from the thyroid

back 64

calcitonin decreases Ca levels

front 65

adrenal medulla

epinephrine

back 65

fight or flight

front 66

adrenal cortex

-norepinephrine

back 66

keeps blood pressure up

front 67

mineralocorticoids

back 67

sodium and water balance

front 68

glucocorticoids

back 68

blood sugar goes up

front 69

endocrine hormone

back 69

24 hour urine