front 1 Frontal Bone | back 1 Superior facial bone, forms the forehead |
front 2 Parietal Bone | back 2 Forms the superior lateral portion of the cranial vault |
front 3 Occipital Bone | back 3 Base/posterior portion of the skull |
front 4 Greater Wing of the Sphenoid | back 4 Visible portion of the sphenoid, located anterior to the temporal bone and posterior to the zygomatic bone |
front 5 Zygomatic Bone | back 5 Cheek bone that forms the floor of the bony orbit |
front 6 Zygomatic Arch | back 6 Composed of a portion of the zygomatic and temporal bones, located superficial to the TMJ (temporomandibular joint) |
front 7 Temporal Bone | back 7 Lateral and inferior bone of the cranial vault |
front 8 External Acoustic Meatus | back 8 Tunnel in the temporal bone that leads to the inner ear |
front 9 Mastoid Process | back 9 Bony projection located posterior to the external auditory meatus |
front 10 Styloid Process | back 10 Sharp bony projection located anterior and medial from the external auditory meatus, used for muscle attachment |
front 11 Nasal Bone | back 11 Paired bones that form the bridge of the nose and |
front 12 Maxilla Bone | back 12 Paired bones that form the upper jaw and roof of the mouth |
front 13 Mandible Bone | back 13 Lower jawbone |
front 14 Intermaxillary Suture | back 14 The suture between the maxillary bones, located inferior to the nasal cavity |
front 15 Anterior Nasal Spine | back 15 Small bony projection located at the superior aspect of the intermaxillary suture |
front 16 Sphenoid Bone (Orbit) | back 16 Makes up the posterior wall of the eye socket |
front 17 Frontal Bone (Orbit) | back 17 Makes up the roof of the eye socket |
front 18 Zygomatic (Orbit) | back 18 Makes up the lateral wall of the eye socket |
front 19 Maxilla Bone (Orbit) | back 19 Makes up the floor of the eye socket |
front 20 Lacrimal Bone (Orbit) | back 20 Makes up the medial wall of the eye socket, anterior to the ethmoid; contains the lacrimal duct |
front 21 Ethmoid Bone (Orbit) | back 21 Makes up the medial wall of the eye socket, posterior to the lacrimal bone |
front 22 Palatine Bone | back 22 Deep in the orbit, between the ethmoid, maxilla, and sphenoid |
front 23 Vomer | back 23 Inferior bone of the nasal septum |
front 24 Perpendicular Plate of the Ethmoid | back 24 Superior bone of the nasal septum |
front 25 Nasal Conchae | back 25 Bulges lateral to the nasal septum (middle and inferior visible) |
front 26 Foramen Magnum | back 26 Large opening located in the occiput, brain stem passes through here |
front 27 Basioccipital | back 27 Bony area located anterior to the foramen magnum on the inferior view of the skull |
front 28 Occipital Condyles | back 28 Convex articulation surfaces located lateral to the foramen magnum |
front 29 Posterior Palatine Bone | back 29 Paired bones located on the posterior portion of the roof of the mouth |
front 30 Anterior Palatine (Part of Maxilla) | back 30 Anterior portion of the roof of the mouth |
front 31 Clivus | back 31 Bony area located anterior to the foramen magnum on the internal view of the skull |
front 32 Sella Turcica | back 32 "Turkish Saddle" located in the sphenoid bone to protect the pituitary gland; comprised of the dorsum sella, trabeculum sella, and hypophyseal sella |
front 33 Dorsum Sellae | back 33 Posterior portion of the sella turcica, superior to the clivus |
front 34 Tuberculum Sellae | back 34 Anterior portion of the sella turcica |
front 35 Hypophyseal Fossa | back 35 The depression located between the dorsum sellae and tuberculum sellae |
front 36 Crista Galli | back 36 Pointy projection of the ethmoid bone in the anterior cranial fossa, continuous with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid |
front 37 Cribiform Plate | back 37 Surrounds the crista galli and is full of olfactory foramina |
front 38 Petrous Portion of the Temporal Bone | back 38 Internal portion of the temporal bone, runs posterolateral from the dorsum sellae; houses the inner ear |
front 39 Sagittal Suture | back 39 Separates the parietal bones |
front 40 Lambdoid Suture | back 40 Separates the parietal bones from the occipital bone |
front 41 Coronal Suture | back 41 Separates the frontal bone from the parietal bones |
front 42 Squamosal Suture | back 42 Between the parietal and temporal bones |
front 43 Sphenosquamosal Suture | back 43 Between the temporal and sphenoid bones |
front 44 Supraorbital Notch | back 44 Located along the superior ridge of the eye socket in the frontal bone |
front 45 Infraorbital Foramen | back 45 Large holes inferior to the eye socket on the maxilla bone |
front 46 Mental Foramen | back 46 Located on the anterior surface of the body of the mandible |
front 47 Superior Orbital Fissure | back 47 Superior slit in the posterior wall of the sphenoid bone of the eye socket |
front 48 Inferior Orbital Fissure | back 48 Large slit located on the posterior and slightly lateral aspect of the floor of the eye socket |
front 49 Optic Foramen (Canal) | back 49 Round hole located in the posterior portion of the eye socket, just medial to the superior orbital fissure |
front 50 Lacrimal Foramen | back 50 Hole located at the distal/inferior end of the lacrimal bone, contains the lacrimal duct |
front 51 Foramen Lacerum | back 51 Located lateral to the basioccipital, has slightly jagged edges |
front 52 Foramen Ovale | back 52 Located lateral to the foramen lacerum, medially and slightly anterior to foramen spinosum; oval-shaped |
front 53 Foramen Spinosum | back 53 Small foramen slightly posterior and lateral to the foramen ovale |
front 54 Carotid Foramen (Canal) | back 54 Foramen posterior to the foramen spinosum; the internal carotid artery enters the skull through this foramen |
front 55 Jugular Foramen | back 55 Large foramen posterior to the carotid foramen and superior to the hypoglossal foramen; the internal jugular vein exits the skull through this foramen |
front 56 Condyloid Foramen | back 56 The small foramen posterior to the occipital condyes |
front 57 Hypoglossal Foramen (Canal) | back 57 The foramen passing superior to the occipital condyles in a medial to lateral path; where the hypoglossal nerve exits the skull |
front 58 Anterior Palatine Foramen (Incisive Foramen) | back 58 Foramen located posterior to the incisors on the anterior palatine |
front 59 Internal Acoustic Canal (Meatus) | back 59 This canal is superior to the jugular foramen, still on the posterior portion of the petrous portion of the temporal bone; where the vestibulocochlear nerve exits the ear and enters the temporal lobe of the brain |
front 60 Olfactory Foramina | back 60 Many small holes located on the cribriform plate; the olfactory sensory nerve endings pass through these foramina from the nasal cavity to form the olfactory nerve |
front 61 Optic Foramen (Interior View) | back 61 Located at the lateral edges of the tuberculum sellae; where the optic enters the cranial vault |
front 62 Mandibular Condyle (Condylar Process) | back 62 Large, rounded articulation surfaces located at the superior posterior portion of the ramus |
front 63 Mandibular Fossa | back 63 The depression on the temporal bone that forms the socket for the mandibular condyle |
front 64 Mandibular Notch | back 64 Depression located between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process |
front 65 Coronoid Process (Mandible) | back 65 Sharp, bony projection located on the anterior superior portion of the ramus |
front 66 Ramus | back 66 Vertical portion of the mandible |
front 67 Angle of the Mandible | back 67 Sharp angle created by the meeting of the ramus and body of the mandible |
front 68 Body of the Mandible | back 68 Main horizontal portion of the mandible |
front 69 Mental Protruberance | back 69 Raised bump on the anterior portion of the mandible, for muscle attachment |
front 70 Alveolar Process | back 70 Tooth socket |
front 71 Body of Vertebra | back 71 Anterior structure of vertebra that bears weight |
front 72 Vertebral Canal | back 72 Contains the spinal cord, posterior to the body |
front 73 Pedicles | back 73 Extend posteriorly from the body |
front 74 Lamina | back 74 Extend posteromedially from the pedicles |
front 75 Spinous Process | back 75 Project posteriorly from the junction of the laminae |
front 76 Transverse Process | back 76 Extends laterally from both sides of the pedical/lamina junction |
front 77 Intervertebral Foramina | back 77 Between the pedicals of two adjacent foramina; where the spinal nerves emerge |
front 78 Atlas | back 78 C1, articulates superiorly with the occipital condyles, articulates inferiorly with the C2 and the dens of the C2 |
front 79 Axis | back 79 C2, articulates superiorly with C1, stabilized by the transverse ligament |
front 80 Dens | back 80 Acts as a pivot for the lateral rotation of C1 |
front 81 Costal Facet | back 81 Where the ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae |
front 82 Apex (Sacrum) | back 82 Point projection that articulates with the coccyx |
front 83 Base (Sacrum) | back 83 Wide superior portion of the sacrum that articulates with L5 |
front 84 Coccyx | back 84 Tail bone, articulates superiorly with the apex of the sacrum; filum terminale (end of spinal cord) attaches here |
front 85 Rib Cage | back 85 Consists of thoracic vertebrae posteriorly, ribs laterally, and sternum anteriorly |
front 86 Manubrium | back 86 Broad, upper portion of sternum |
front 87 Jugular Notch (Suprasternal Notch) | back 87 Shallow depression in the superior end of the manubrium |
front 88 Sternal Angle | back 88 Horizontal ridge that separates the manubrium from the body |
front 89 Xiphoid Process | back 89 Small, sword-shaped process at inferior end of sternum |
front 90 True Ribs | back 90 Attach directly to sternum via their own costal cartilages; 1-7 |
front 91 False Ribs | back 91 Attach indirectly to the sternum via costal cartilage of rib 7; 8-12 |
front 92 Floating Ribs | back 92 Do not attach to the sternum; 11-12 |
front 93 Spinous Process (Scapula) | back 93 Large prominent ridge on the posterior side of the scapula; runs from the medial border, superiorly and laterally terminating at the acromion process |
front 94 Acromion | back 94 Large bulge located at the lateral edge of the spine of the scapula |
front 95 Supraspinous Fossa | back 95 Depression immediately superior to the spine of the scapula; where the supraspinatus muscle is found |
front 96 Infraspinous Fossa | back 96 Depression immediately inferior to the spine of the scapula; where the infraspinatus muscle is located |
front 97 Superior Angle | back 97 The point located at the superior, medial portion of the scapula |
front 98 Inferior Angle | back 98 The point at the distal (inferior) end of the scapula |
front 99 Glenoid Cavity (Fossa) | back 99 The depression along the superior, lateral margin of the scapula, just distal to the acromion; where the head of the humerus attaches to form the shoulder joint |
front 100 Lateral Border | back 100 The border on the lateral side of the scapula; same side as the glenoid cavity |
front 101 Medial Border | back 101 The border of the scapula nearest the spinal column |
front 102 Coracoid Process | back 102 Bulge located near the glenoid cavity, anterior to the acromion; hook-shaped |
front 103 Suprascapular Notch | back 103 Located between the superior angle and the coracoid process, nearest the coracoid process |
front 104 Subscapular Fossa | back 104 Main portion of the complete anterior side of the scapula; depression close to the area of the suprascapular notch |
front 105 Sternal End (Clavicle) | back 105 Medial end of the clavicle, connects to the manubrium of the sternum; rounded/quadrangular |
front 106 Acromial End (Clavicle) | back 106 Lateral end of the clavicle, connects to the acromion of the scapula; flattened |
front 107 Coronoid Tubercle | back 107 Bulge on the inferior, posterior, lateral aspect of the clavicle; nearest the acromial end |
front 108 Head of Humerus | back 108 The superior, medial, rounded portion of the humerus |
front 109 Greater Tubercle | back 109 Large bulge on humerus located laterally |
front 110 Lesser Tubercle | back 110 Smaller bulge located on the anterior aspect of the humerus, proximal end |
front 111 Intertubercular Sulcus | back 111 Groove located between the greater and lesser tubercles; also known as the bicipital groove; the tendon of the long head of the biceps passes through here |
front 112 Deltoid Tuberosity | back 112 Roughened area located a few centimeters inferior to the greater tubercle of the humerus |
front 113 Capitulum | back 113 Condyle located on the distal lateral end of the humerus; more rounded, articulates with the head of the humerus |
front 114 Trochlea | back 114 Condyle located at the distal medial end of the humerus; articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna |
front 115 Medial Epicondyle | back 115 Located just lateral and proximal to the trochlea |
front 116 Lateral Epicondyle | back 116 Bulge located on the distal, lateral edge of the humerus, just proximal to the capitulum |
front 117 Coronoid Fossa | back 117 Depression located between the epicondyles on the anterior side, closer to the trochlea |
front 118 Olecranon Fossa | back 118 Deep depression located on the distal, posterior side of the humerus |
front 119 Olecranon | back 119 Large, rounded, posterior bulge located at the proximal end of the ulna; makes up the elbow; goes into the olecranon fossa of the humerus when elbow extends |
front 120 Trochlear Notch | back 120 Huge notch/depression located at the proximal, anterior end of the ulna; articulates with the trochlea of the humerus |
front 121 Coronoid Process (Ulna) | back 121 Anterior rim of the trochlear notch; fits into the coronoid fossa of the humerus when elbow flexes |
front 122 Radial Notch of Ulna | back 122 Shallow depression located on the lateral side of the trochlear notch, articulates with the radial head |
front 123 Styloid Process of Ulna | back 123 Pointy process located at the distal end of the ulna |
front 124 Head of Radius | back 124 Proximal end of the radius, articulates with the capitulum |
front 125 Radial Tuberosity | back 125 Bulge located just a few centimeters distal to the head of the radius |
front 126 Dorsal Radial Tuberosity | back 126 Bumpy area located on the posterior side distal end of the radius |
front 127 Styloid Process of Radius | back 127 Pointy process located at the distal, lateral end of the radius |
front 128 Os Coxa | back 128 Comprised of the ilium, ischium, and pubic bones; also known as the hemipelvis |
front 129 Ilium | back 129 Largest bone of the os coxa; superior |
front 130 Iliac Ridge | back 130 Superior margin of the ilium |
front 131 Greater Sciatic Notch | back 131 Marks the posterior side of the os coxa |
front 132 Ischium | back 132 Posterior lower bone of the os coxa |
front 133 Pubic Bone | back 133 Anterior inferior bone of the os coxa |
front 134 Pubis | back 134 Anterior margin of the pubic bone that the pubic symphysis attaches to |
front 135 Acetabulum | back 135 A cup-shaped depression on the lateral aspect of the os coxa; where the head of the femur articulates |
front 136 Obturator Foramen | back 136 Large foramen just inferior to the acetabulum |
front 137 False Pelvis | back 137 Superior to the pelvic brim |
front 138 True Pelvis | back 138 Inferior to the pelvic brim |
front 139 Head of Femur | back 139 Articulates with the acetabulum of the os coxa |
front 140 Fovea Capitis | back 140 A divot in the head of the femur, attachment site of the ligamentum teres |
front 141 Neck of Femur | back 141 The narrowed region that connects the head to the diaphysis of the femur |
front 142 Greater Trochanter | back 142 Large bump lateral to the head of the femur |
front 143 Lesser Trochanter | back 143 Smaller bump on the medial aspect of the femur, distal to the neck |
front 144 Lateral Condyle (Femur) | back 144 At the posterior, distal end of the femur, same side as the greater trochanter; smaller of the two condyles |
front 145 Medial Condyle (Femur) | back 145 Distal end of the femur, same side as the head; larger of the two condyles |
front 146 Intercondylar Fossa | back 146 Deep depression between the condyles of the femur, posterior side |
front 147 Medial Epicondyle (Femur) | back 147 Large bulge just lateral and proximal to the medial condyle of the femur |
front 148 Lateral Epicondyle (Femur) | back 148 Small bump just proximal and lateral to the lateral condyle of the femur |
front 149 Linea Aspera | back 149 A vertical ridge for muscle attachment that runs along the posterior aspect of the diaphysis of the femur |
front 150 Patella | back 150 Largest sesamoid bone in the body |
front 151 Tibia | back 151 Distal to the femur, medial to the fibula; weight-bearing |
front 152 Tibial Tuberosity | back 152 Large bump on the anterior surface of the tibia just distal to the condyles; attachment for the patellar ligament |
front 153 Condyles (Tibia) | back 153 Flattened surfaces on the proximal end of the tibia |
front 154 Intercondylar Eminence | back 154 Located on the superior surface between the condyles of the tibia |
front 155 Intercondylar Tubercle | back 155 Each bump within the intercondylar eminence; for attachment of the cruciate ligaments |
front 156 Anterior Margin | back 156 A sharp ridge that runs vertically along the anterior surface of the tibia, distal to the tibial tuberosity; what you think of when you say shin bone |
front 157 Medial Malleolus | back 157 Distal medial end of the tibia, a large bump that extends distally |
front 158 Fibula | back 158 Lateral to the tibia, non-weight bearing, most commonly broken leg bone |
front 159 Lateral Malleolus | back 159 Large bulbous structure located at the distal end of the fibula |