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107 notecards = 27 pages (4 cards per page)

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AAD CH 13

front 1

Senescence __________.

back 1

C) begins once body structures reach maximum capacity and efficiency

front 2

The physical changes of the adult years are __________.

back 2

B) multidimensional and multidirectional

front 3

The __________ theory of aging receives some support from kinship studies indicating that
longevity is a family trait.

back 3

A) genetically programmed

front 4

Nora’s grandfather lived to be 87, and her father is still alive at the age of 98. Nora concludes
that longevity is inherited and anticipates a very long life. Nora should know that __________.

back 4

C) rather than inheriting longevity directly, people probably inherit risk and protective factors
that influence their chances of dying earlier or later

front 5

The strongest evidence for __________ comes from research showing that human cells
allowed to divide in the laboratory have a lifespan of 50 divisions, plus or minus 10.

back 5

A) the existence of “aging genes”

front 6

Telomeres __________.

back 6

D) protect the ends of chromosomes from destruction

front 7

An enzyme called telomerase __________.

back 7

B) can lengthen telomeres

front 8

Telomere shortening predicts __________.

back 8

A) earlier death

front 9

Lorenzo quit smoking and reduced his alcohol intake. At the same time, he improved his
healthy eating behaviors and increased his physical activity. Lorenzo’s lifestyle changes are
likely to __________.

back 9

C) increase telomerase activity

front 10

According to the “random events” theory of biological aging, __________.

back 10

A) DNA in body cells is gradually damaged through mutations

front 11

According to the “random events” theory, as spontaneous or externally caused mutations
accumulate, __________.

back 11

B) abnormal cancerous cells are often produced

front 12

One hypothesized cause of age-related DNA and cellular abnormalities is the __________.

back 12

C) release of free radicals

front 13

In some species, __________ is/are associated with longer life.

back 13

B) elevated free-radical activity

front 14

Which statement is true about free-radical damage?

back 14

C) It increases with age.

front 15

According to the cross-linkage theory of aging, bonds between protein fibers in connective
tissue can lead to __________.

back 15

B) loss of flexibility in the skin and clogging of arteries

front 16

Almeda’s skin has lost some flexibility and the lens of her left eye is beginning to cloud. She is concerned that the normally separate protein fibers that make up her body’s connective tissue
are forming bonds with one another. You can tell Almeda that she can reduce cross-linking by
__________.

back 16

A) eating a healthy diet

front 17

Doyle wants to protect the health of his endocrine system. The safest approach for Doyle is
__________.

back 17

D) diet and physical activity

front 18

Decreased vigor of the immune response seems to be __________.

back 18

C) genetically programmed but intensified by other aging processes

front 19

Age-related declines in hearing __________.

back 19

A) are more than twice as rapid for men as for women

front 20

As the lens of the eye stiffens and thickens with age, __________.

back 20

B) ability to focus on close objects declines

front 21

Physical changes of aging in the __________ system begin in the late thirties, accelerate in
the fifties, and slow in the seventies.

back 21

D) skeletal

front 22

Vivica, who is African American, and Jolene, who is European American, are both active and eat healthy foods. Which statement is true about their risk of hypertension and heart disease
as they age?

back 22

C) Vivica has a higher risk of hypertension and heart disease than Jolene.

front 23

Darlene has heavy deposits of plaque containing cholesterol and fats collected on the walls of
her main arteries. Darlene has __________.

back 23

D) atherosclerosis

front 24

Atherosclerosis typically develops __________.

back 24

D) early in life and progresses during middle adulthood

front 25

__________ may heighten the effects of a high-fat diet.

back 25

A) Sex hormones

front 26

Yao is 45 years old. How has the maximum vital capacity of his lungs changed from when he
was 25?

back 26

B) It has decreased by about 20 percent.

front 27

To study the impact of biological aging on motor skills, researchers focus on __________.

back 27

B) competitive athletes

front 28

What was discovered when the mean ages for best performance of Olympic and professional
athletes in a variety of sports were charted over time?

back 28

B) Absolute performance in most events improved over time.

front 29

Which athlete’s skills will probably peak latest in life?

back 29

C) Rose, a long-distance runner

front 30

The immune response is the combined work of specialized cells that neutralize or destroy
__________ in the body.

back 30

D) antigens

front 31

T cells __________.

back 31

C) directly attack foreign substances in the body

front 32

__________ secrete antibodies into the bloodstream that multiply, capture foreign
substances, and permit the blood system to destroy them.

back 32

B) B cells

front 33

Regena, age 50, is likely to have __________ than 25-year-old Owen.

back 33

A) a smaller thymus

front 34

Which statement about U.S. death rates and causes of death is true?

back 34

C) Death rates for all causes exceed those of many other industrialized nations.

front 35

Which statement about the relationships among income, education, occupational status, and
health in the United States is true?

back 35

A) Income, education, and occupational status show strong, continuous relationships with almost
every disease and health indicator over the lifespan.

front 36

Most Americans eat __________.

back 36

D) because they feel like it or because it is time to do so

front 37

Carly, age 24, has a 22 percent increase over average body weight, based on her age, sex, and
physical build. Carly is __________.

back 37

A) an obese adult

front 38

Cesar has a body mass index (BMI) of 27. Cesar is __________.

back 38

C) overweight, but not obese

front 39

Which adult is the most likely to be obese?

back 39

D) Veronica, an African American

front 40

Which statement about rates of overweight and obesity in the United States is true?

back 40

C) A substantial number of people show large weight gains between ages 25 and 50.

front 41

The average number of calories and amount of sugar and fat consumed by Americans
__________.

back 41

A) sharply increased after 1970

front 42

Nadine, an average-weight adult, gained a small amount of weight between the ages of 25
and 50. Nadine should know that __________.

back 42

B) this is a normal part of aging, resulting from a drop in basal metabolic rate

front 43

Andre is an overweight adult. Compared with his normal-weight agemates, Andre is
__________.

back 43

A) less likely to receive financial aid for college

front 44

Family and friends can help a dieter by __________.

back 44

D) offering encouragement, which helps foster the dieter’s self-esteem and self-efficacy

front 45

Saturated fat __________.

back 45

B) generally comes from meat and dairy products

front 46

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that no more than 10 percent of total
caloric intake be made up of __________.

back 46

C) saturated fat

front 47

Research indicates that __________ play(s) a role in the age-related rise in cardiovascular
disease, breast cancer, and colon cancer.

back 47

B) saturated fat

front 48

Star would like to improve her nutrition and reduce her risk of disease. One suggestion that
you could make to Star is to __________.

back 48

A) replace saturated fat with unsaturated fat

front 49

Regular physical activity is linked to __________.

back 49

C) reduced incidence of breast and colon cancer

front 50

January engages in regular exercise. As a result, January is __________.

back 50

D) less likely to catch a cold or the flu

front 51

Physical activity __________.

back 51

A) reduces anxiety and depression

front 52

In the United States, alcohol and drug use is most common among __________.

back 52

B) 19- to 25-year-olds

front 53

Which statement about smoking is true?

back 53

C) Of young people who smoke cigarettes, the overwhelming majority started before age 21.

front 54

The earlier young people start smoking, the __________.

back 54

A) greater their daily cigarette use

front 55

__________ is the single most important preventable cause of death in industrialized nations.

back 55

B) Cigarette smoking

front 56

Alcohol dependency is more likely in cultures where alcohol is __________.

back 56

D) carefully controlled and a sign of adulthood

front 57

The best-known complication of chronic alcohol use is __________.

back 57

B) liver disease

front 58

Virgil, Pearl, Sherise, and Alonso recently joined a support group for alcoholics. Which
statement is probably true?

back 58

B) Two of them will relapse within a few months.

front 59

At the end of the teenage years, nearly 70 percent of U.S. young people __________.

back 59

C) have had sexual intercourse

front 60

Sexual partners, whether dating, cohabiting, or married, tend to be similar in __________.

back 60

A) age, education, and ethnicity

front 61

Young people between 25 and 34 are __________.

back 61

B) the most avid users of dating sites and apps

front 62

When adults of any age are asked how many sexual partners they have had in the past year,
the usual reply is __________.

back 62

A) one

front 63

Which statement about sexual attitudes over the past four decades is true?

back 63

D) Acceptance of premarital sex rose sharply after the mid-2000s.

front 64

Which statement about the sex lives of American adults is true?

back 64

D) As number of sex partners increases, sexual satisfaction declines sharply.

front 65

The sexual problems most often reported by men are anxiety about performance and
__________.

back 65

C) climaxing too early

front 66

__________ of Millennials approve of legalized same-sex marriage.

back 66

D) Nearly three-fourths

front 67

In the United States, __________.

back 67

C) acceptance of sexual minorities is greatest among highly educated people who are low in
religiosity

front 68

The majority of victims of rape or other forms of sexual coercion were first victimized
__________, and the perpetrators are usually __________.

back 68

B) before age 25; men they know well

front 69

Which statement about sexual coercion is true?

back 69

C) People of all SES and ethnic groups are offenders and victims.

front 70

Male victims of sexual coercion __________.

back 70

A) often face unsympathetic and blaming social attitudes

front 71

Which statement about sexual coercion is true?

back 71

B) When men are taught to be dominant, competitive, and aggressive, the themes of rape are
reinforced.

front 72

Victims of rape and other sexual crimes report __________.

back 72

C) more symptoms of illness across almost all body systems

front 73

Which statement about rape prevention and treatment is true?

back 73

A) Practically no services are available for victimized men, who are often too embarrassed to
come forward.

front 74

Southern University is revising its sexual coercion prevention and treatment program. Which
action step is the most likely to be effective?

back 74

B) Combat rape myths that victims “wanted it” and are to blame.

front 75

Which statement is true about stress in early adulthood?

back 75

D) Young adults more often report depressive symptoms than middle-aged people.

front 76

__________ adults are better than __________ adults at coping with stress.

back 76

B) Middle-aged and older; young

front 77

Which statement about cognitive development in early adulthood is true?

back 77

D) The cognitive changes of early adulthood are supported by further development of the
prefrontal cortex.

front 78

Dr. Castillo focuses her research on postformal thought. She studies how __________ in
adulthood.

back 78

C) thinking becomes increasingly rational and flexible

front 79

Bryson and his co-workers are developing a new sales strategy. When Bryson’s conclusions
differ radically from the rest of the team, he considers the justifiability of his conclusions and
revises them slightly. Bryson is engaged in __________.

back 79

A) epistemic cognition

front 80

Xavier believes everything his college professor says because she is in a respected position.
He thinks that knowledge is certain and that the professor has that knowledge. Xavier is engaged
in __________.

back 80

B) dualistic thinking

front 81

In his third year of college, Omar comes to the realization that there are multiple possible truths, rather than one absolute truth, which are each relative to its context. Omar is engaged in
__________.

back 81

A) relativistic thinking

front 82

When Imelda considers which of five movies most deserves an Oscar, she moves beyond the
stance that everything is a matter of opinion and generates rational criteria against which the
movies can be evaluated. Imelda is engaged in __________.

back 82

D) commitment within relativistic thinking

front 83

Which adult is the most likely to engage in commitment within relativism?

back 83

D) Nadia, a 26-year-old graduate student

front 84

With the birth of Olga’s first child, she felt more fulfilled than ever before. However, she
also acknowledged feelings of concern and fear over being able to meet all of her parental
responsibilities while maintaining personal happiness and satisfaction. Olga’s feelings reflect
__________.

back 84

B) cognitive-affective complexity

front 85

For young adults, __________ is supported by the specialization that begins with selecting a
college major or an occupation.

back 85

C) expertise

front 86

Compared with novices, experts __________.

back 86

B) remember and reason more quickly and effectively

front 87

Yuri is a musician, Inez is an artist, and Danielle is a scientist. Which statement is probably
true?

back 87

A) Danielle’s creativity will peak later than that of the other two.

front 88

Clifton has developed master-level creativity. This means that Clifton probably __________.

back 88

B) has the capacity to think intuitively with a reduced filter

front 89

From the freshman to the senior year of college, most students __________.

back 89

A) become better at reflecting on the quality of their thinking

front 90

College students who __________ show large cognitive gains.

back 90

C) connect their community service experiences with their classroom learning

front 91

Which young adult is least likely to have a college degree?

back 91

C) Liane from the United States

front 92

Colleges that __________ have a higher percentage of dropouts.

back 92

A) have less selective admissions requirements

front 93

In a study examining the importance of academic engagement in college for successful
transition to the labor market, researchers found that __________.

back 93

D) most participants gained little in collegiate learning during their four years of college

front 94

Since the 1970s, __________.

back 94

B) institutions have redefined college students as consumers

front 95

Eight-year-old Marci is involved in community theater. She fantasizes about starring in a
Broadway musical. Marci’s desire to be an actress __________.

back 95

A) will probably bear little relation to the vocational decisions that she will eventually make

front 96

When asked about her future vocational choice, 14-year-old Solange says, “I’m good at math
and I like solving problems. But I like helping people. So maybe teaching math or working as an
engineer would be good.” Solange is in the __________ period of vocational development.

back 96

B) tentative

front 97

During the realistic period of vocational development, the first step is often __________, and
the final phase is __________.

back 97

D) further exploration; crystallization

front 98

Shanika enjoys working with ideas. Madison is emotional and has a high need for individual
expression. According to Holland’s six personality types, Shanika is __________ and Madison is
__________.

back 98

A) investigative; artistic

front 99

According to Holland, people who choose construction, plumbing, or surveying prefer
__________.

back 99

B) real-world problems

front 100

Deon likes well-structured tasks and values material possessions. Alecia prefers working
with people. According to Holland’s six personality types, Deon is __________ and Alecia is __________.

back 100

C) conventional; social

front 101

According to Holland, the enterprising person is drawn to __________.

back 101

A) sales and supervisory positions or politics

front 102

In longitudinal research, teacher expectations for educational attainment mattered most for
__________ students.

back 102

B) low-SES

front 103

Which statement about gender stereotypes and vocational choice is true?

back 103

C) Women remain concentrated in less-well-paid, traditionally feminine professions.

front 104

An investigation of science-oriented young people in 50 nations revealed that in every
country, __________.

back 104

B) males express greater confidence than females in their science ability

front 105

Which statement about non-college-bound young adults is true?

back 105

C) Nearly 20 percent of U.S. recent high school graduates who do not continue their education
are unemployed.

front 106

American employers regard recent high school graduates as __________.

back 106

C) unprepared for skilled business and industrial occupations and manual trades

front 107

About 60 percent of __________ youths participate in successful work‒study
apprenticeships instead of attending college-preparatory high schools.

back 107

B) German