Which of the following can promote allopatric speciation but not sympatric speciation?
polyploidy
sexual selection
natural
selection
geographic isolation
geographic isolation
Miller and Urey's experiments that attempted to recreate conditions
on early Earth were significant because _____.
they
showed how polymers could form spontaneously on a clay
substrate
proved the endosymbiotic theory
they showed how
radiometric dating could be used to give the absolute ages of rocks
and fossils
they showed that organic molecules such as amino
acids could be produced from inorganic molecules
they produced
the first protocells
they showed that organic molecules such as amino acids could be produced from inorganic molecules
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the origin of life?
I. Formation of protocells
II. Synthesis of organic
monomers
III. Synthesis of organic polymers
IV. Formation of
DNA-based genetic systems
I, II, III, IV
II, III, I, IV
I, III, II, IV
II,
III, IV, I
II, III, I, IV
Which of the following is a defining characteristic that all
protocells had in common?
the ability to synthesize
enzymes
the ability to replicate RNA
RNA genes
a
surrounding membrane or membrane-like structure
a surrounding membrane or membrane-like structure
Which hypothesis for the abiotic formation of organic molecules
suggests that early Earth's atmosphere was a neutral atmosphere?
Amino acids were found near volcanic eruption sites.
The
energy for this synthesis could have come from lightning and UV
radiation.
Some evidence suggests that the early atmosphere was
made up primarily of nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
Organic
compounds were first produced in deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
Some evidence suggests that the early atmosphere was made up primarily of nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
If the half-life of carbon-14 is about 5,730 years, then a fossil
that has 1/16 of the normal proportion of carbon-14 to carbon-12
should be about how many years old?
11,200
2,800
16,800
22,900
22,900
What is thought to be the correct sequence of these events, from
earliest to most recent, in the evolution of life on Earth?
1.
origin of mitochondria
2. origin of multicellular
eukaryotes
3. origin of chloroplasts
4. origin of
cyanobacteria
5. origin of fungal-plant symbioses
4,
1, 3, 2, 5
4, 3, 2, 1, 5
4, 1, 2, 3, 5
4, 3, 1, 5, 2
4, 1, 3, 2, 5 (A)
An early consequence of the release of oxygen gas by plant and
bacterial photosynthesis was to _____.
cause iron in
ocean water and terrestrial rocks to rust (oxidize)
change the
atmosphere from oxidizing to reducing
make it easier to maintain
reduced molecules
prevent the formation of an ozone layer
cause iron in ocean water and terrestrial rocks to rust (oxidize)
What is true of the Cambrian explosion?
Only the fossils
of microorganisms are found in geological strata older than the
Cambrian explosion.
There are fossils of animals in geological
strata that are older than the Cambrian explosion.
The Cambrian
explosion is evidence for the instantaneous creation of life on
Earth.
The Cambrian explosion marks the appearance of
filter-feeding animals in the fossil record.
There are fossils of animals in geological strata that are older than the Cambrian explosion.
Which of the following characteristics are expected in the first animals to have colonized land?
I) They were probably herbivores (ate photosynthesizers).
II)
Animals had four appendages.
III) Animals had the ability to
resist dehydration.
IV) Animals had lobe-finned fishes as
ancestors.
V) Invertebrates
I, III and V
I, II, III and IV
III and V
III only
I, III and V
Hox genes are thought to play an important role in the development of different morphologies because _____.
they provide positional information in the embryo
they paved
the way for the development of multicellular organisms
they
affect the timing of reproductive development in the
organism
they affect the order of genes on certain
chromosomes
they affect the timing of development in the embryo
they provide positional information in the embryo
The duplication of homeotic (Hox) genes has been significant in the
evolution of animals because it _____.
allowed animals to
survive on significantly fewer calories
caused the extinction of
major groups
reduced morphological diversity into simpler forms
of life
permitted the evolution of novel forms
permitted the evolution of novel forms
A swim bladder is a gas-filled sac that helps fish maintain buoyancy.
The evolution of the swim bladder from lungs of an ancestral fish is
an example of _____.
adaptive
radiation
exaptation
paedomorphosis
changes in Hox gene expression
exaptation
If one organ is an exaptation of another organ, then these two organs _____.
are found in the same species
are undergoing convergent
evolution
are homologous
have the same function
are homologous
Adaptive radiations can be a direct consequence of four of the
following five factors. Select the exception.
an adaptive
radiation in a group of organisms (such as plants) that another group
uses as food
evolutionary innovation
vacant ecological
niches
colonization of an isolated region that contains suitable
habitat and few competitor species
genetic drift
genetic drift