A&P 2 Digestive System Flashcards

The tubelike digestive system canal that extends from the mouth to the anus is known as the__________canal or the _________tract?

Differentiate between the colon and the large intestine?

What is the role of the gallbladder?

Why is the liver so dark red in the living animal?

What is the function of Kupffer cells of the liver?

List the three characteristics of enzymes?

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract from one point to another are called?

The esophagus is a part of the ______, while the pancreas is considered a(n) _______ when it comes to the digestive system?

The correct sequence for the layers in the walls of the alimentary canal from innermost to outermost is the…?

1. The majority of absorption occurs in the ________?

List the four layers of the wall of the alimentary canal in the appropriate order from innermost to outermost?

List accessory organs of digestive system?

The _________ are double layers of peritoneum that extend from the body wall to the digestive viscera and help anchor them in place?

List functions of the stomach?

Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?

What is the function(s) of HCl (hydrochloric acid)?

Where are the motor neurons that control smooth muscle contraction and glandular secretions of the GI tract located?

Chemical digestion is initiated in the _________?

Why does your mouth suddenly “go dry” when you are about to deliver a presentation to a large crowd?

List functions of digestive system?

List functions of saliva?

What is a possible side effect of weakening of the cardiac sphincter?

The stomach is able to expand nearly 100 times its empty volume partly due to _________ in its walls?

A patient with a low RBC count receives vitamin B12 injections every 2 weeks. Why injection not orally?

Why is pepsin inactive when tested at pH 7?

Digestion of which of the following (proteins, carbohydrate, fats) might be inhibited if a patient chronically consumes an antacid?

When your stomach growls in response to an ad on TV for food, the _________ phase of gastric secretion is initiated?

The parietal cells of gastric glands secrete?

The ______ cells are responsible for HCl production?

What is the primary stimulus for intestinal gland secretion of secretin?

What is the primary stimulus for intestinal gland secretion of Cholecystokinin (CCK)?

______ stimulates the gallbladder to contract?

Salivary amylase digests…?

Cirrhosis of the liver would most severely impact digestion of _________? why?

In terms of absorption, the large intestine’s greatest contribution is?

List organs of alimentary canal from mouth to anus?

Gastric pit are?

Propulsion of food along the digestive tract is achieved by wave like muscle contraction called?

Pockets in the lining of the stomach that contain secretory cells are…?

Peristalsis is?

Which histological layer of the alimentary canal is also known as the visceral peritoneum?

The membrane that lines the body wall of the abdominal cavity is the?

Saliva is composed mainly of…….?

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called?

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gall bladder to release bile is?

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release bicarbonate is?

The gastric cells that secrete pepsinogen are the….?

Most of the digestive enzymes found in the small intestine are secreted by which accessory organ of digestive system?

Parietal cells of stomach secrete?

The pylorus empties into the?

Why absorption cannot occur in stomach?

The fingerlike projections of the intestinal mucosa are called?

Which region of the stomach does the esophagus connect to?

Which substance secreted by the pancreas helps neutralize chyme?

Which hormone triggers the release of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and constriction of gall bladder to eject bile?

Mary had her stomach mostly removed to try to overcome obesity. As a result you would expect Mary to be at risk for _________ . Why?

G cells of the stomach secrete?

List functions of large intestine?

Openings into gastric glands are called?

Gastric pits are?

The activities of the digestive system are regulated by?

Amylase allows us to digest?

Micelles are formed during the absorption of which nutrient?

The portion of the small intestine that is attached to the pylorus of the stomach is the…?

Intrinsic factor is produced in the stomach and is necessary for the absorption of?

List functions of mesenteries?

Which age-related changes in the digestive system are the results of decreased smooth muscle tone?

Chief cells of stomach secrete?

The four major layers of the GI tract are ______?

The major histological differences between the large intestine and small intestine are that the large intestine ______?

How do most chylomicrons enter the lymphatic system?

All of the enzymes that digest protein are secreted in an …. Form? Why?

Where in the human body will chemical digestion begin?

Where are the motor neurons that control smooth muscle contraction and glandular secretions of the GI tract located?

Heartburn is usually caused by the effects of gastric juice on the?

The portion of stomach that connects to the esophagus is the….?

The portion of stomach that connects to the duodenum …..?

How do the roles of pepsinogen and HCI interact in the stomach?

Secretion of cholecystokinin from the intestinal wall is stimulated by?

What effect(s) does the secretion of CCK have on a fatty meal’s entrance to the duodenum?

The myenteric plexus is….?

How many pairs of salivary gland are there in human oral cavity?

The alimentary canal extends, in its entirety, from the …. to the……?

The enzymes of the digestive system are classified as hydrolases. What does this mean?

Fill in the following chart about the various digestive system enzymes?

Assume you have been chewing a piece of bread for 5 or 6 minutes. How would you expect its taste to change during this interval?

Gallstones are usually composed of?

Using a flowchart, trace the pathway of a chicken sandwich (chicken = protein and fat; bread = starch) from the mouth to the site of absorption of its breakdown products, noting where digestion occurs and what specific enzymes are involved and what are the end products at that site.

Name the end products of digestion for the following types of foods

Polymer (product before digestion) Monomer or the end product after digestion

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Fats

Various types of glands form a part of the alimentary tube wall and release their secretions into it. Match the glands or their product listed in the key to the appropriate description bellow.

Key: salivary glands, gall bladder, liver, pancreas, duodenal glands, Chief cells , gastric glands, HCl (hydrochloric acid)

a. produce(s) mucus; found in the submucosa of the small intestine?

b. produce(s) a product containing amylase that begins starch breakdown in the mouth?

c. stores and modifies bile?

d. produce(s) a whole spectrum of enzymes and an alkaline fluid that is secreted into the duodenum?

e. converts pepsingogen to pepsin?

f. produce(s) bile that it secretes into the duodenum via the bile duct?

g. produce(s) HCl and pepsinogen?

h. produces enzyme that initiates digestion of protein in the stomach?

Bile salts function like detergents in that they ___________ fat globules?

List the correct sequence for the digestion of lipids?

The roof of the oral cavity is formed by the?

Functions of the tongue include?

Some of the digestive organs have groups of secretory cells that release hormones into the blood.

These hormones exert an effect on the digestive process by acting on other cells, glands or structures and causing them to release digestive enzymes, cause contraction to eject bile, or increase the motility of the digestive tract. For each hormone below, note the organ producing the hormone and its effects on the digestive process. Include the target organs affected.

Hormone Produced by Target organ(s) and effects

Secretin

Gastrin

Cholecystokinin

(CCK)

Use the following keys to match them with appropriate definitions bellow:

Key: villi, tongue,
mesentery, oral cavity, stomach, esophagus, pharynx, microvilli, rugae, ileocecal valve, anus,
small intestine, pyloric valve, large intestine, stomach

1. structure that suspends the small intestine from the posterior body wall?
2. folds that allow stomach to stretch?
3. fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area for absorption?
4. regions that break down foodstuffs mechanically?
5. mobile organ that manipulates food in the mouth and initiates swallowing?
6. conduit for both air and food?
7. the “gullet”; no digestive/absorptive function?
8. folds of the gastric mucosa?
9. valve at the junction of the small and large intestines
10. projections of the plasma membrane of a mucosal epithelial cell?
11. absorbs water and forms feces?
12. primary region of food absorption?
13. initiates protein digestion?
14. valve controlling food movement from the stomach into the duodenum?
15. principal site for the synthesis of vitamin K by microorganisms?
16. region containing two sphincters through which feces are expelled from the body?

use the diagram bellow to answer the following questions:

1. What is the function of the structure labeled "6"?
2. Identify the stomach region labeled "12"?
3. Which structure helps the stomach to stretch as it fills with food?
4. Identify the structure labeled "7”?