Viruses possess genetic material comprised of
DNA or RNA
A double-stranded, enveloped DNA virus that contains reverse transcriptase belongs to which family
hepadnaviridae
which of these processes of viral multiplication is most likely to damage the host cell?
release of viruses
members of adenoviridae cause
the common cold
which of the following are possible strategies for treating viral infection
blocking viral attachment to host cell receptors
blocking uncoating of the viruse after entry
blocking insertion of viral DNA into the host cell chromosomes
blocking biosynthesis of viral nucleic acids
ALL THE ABOVE
which method cannot be used to culture viruses in a lab
nutrient agar culture media
cell lines derived from transformed (cancerous) cells are called
continuous cell lines
an example of a latent virus infection is
shingles
during the bacteriophage lysogenic cycle
phage DNA is inserted into the host chromosome
a virus may contain any of any of the following except
ribosomes
after the attachment and entry of a virus into a host cell, what is the next step in the multiplication of animal viruses
uncoating
viruses that use RNA as a template for transcribing DNA include
retroviridae
in polio virus replication, the function of the antisense (-strand) RNA is to
serve as a template for the production of sense (+strand) RNA
which of the following statements about spikes is false
they are used for penetration
all of the following are RNA viruses except
hepatitis B virus
which of the following is NOT used as a criterion to classify viruses
biochemical tests
which of the following statements provides the most significant support for the idea that viruses are nonliving chemicals
they cannot reproduce themselves outside host
which of the following is NOT a method of culturing viruses
in culture media
bacteriophages and animal viruses do NOT differ significantly in which one of the following steps
biosynthesis
a clear area against a confluent "lawn" of bacteria is called a
plaque
the definition of lysogeny is
phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA
continuous cell lines differ from primary cell lines in taht
continuous cell lines can be maintained through an indefinite number of generations
a viroid is
a nonenveloped, infectious piece of RNA
a persistent infection is an infection in which
the disease process occurs gradually over a long period
which of the following would be the first step in biosynthesis of a virus with a -strand of RNA
synthesis of double-stranded RNA from an RNA template
the most common route of accidental AIDS transmission of health care workers is
needlestick
an infectious protein is a
prion
some viruses, such as human herpesvirus 1 infect a cell without causing symptoms; these are called
latent viruses
an enveloped is acquired during which of the following steps
release
the following steps occur during multiplication of retroviruses. what is the fourth step
synthesis of double-stranded DNA
viruses are considered obligatory intracellular parasites because
they require a host cell in order to multiply
characteristics of viruses
contain either DNA or RNA
contain protein coat
multiply inside living cells
causes specialized structures to transfer nucleic acids to other cells
lack enzymes for protein synthesis and ATP generation
define host range
the spectrum of host cells the virus can infect
what is a bacteriophage
viruses that infect bacteria
an infectious viral particle composed of nucleic acid and surrounded by a protein coat is
a virion
caspid
protein coat which protects the nucleic acid of a virus
capsomeres
protein subunits caspids are composed of
helical viruses
long rods, may be rigid of flexible
ebola and rabies
polyhedral
many-sized viruses
enveloped viruses
roughly spherical. caspid is covered by an envelop
influenza virus
complex virus
complicated structure
bacteriophage
nonenveloped virus
caspid aren't covered by an envelope
taxonomy of viruses
virus - genus names
viridae - family names
viral species
viruses sharing the same genetic info and ecological niche
plaques
number of clearings
Plaque-forming units
concentrations of viral suspensions measured by the number of plaques
where do they grow animal viruses in the lab
in living animals
in embryonated eggs
in cell cultures
cell deterioration is known as
cytopathic effect
adenoviridae
mastadenovirus
causes various respiratory infections
papovaviridae
papillomavirus
warts and cervical and anal cancer
poxviridae
molluscipoxvirus
smallpox and cowpox
herpesviridae
simplexvirus (HHV-1), varicellovirus (HHV-3)
fever blisters, chicken pox, shingles, etc
hepadnavirus
hepatitis B virus
picornaviridae
hepatitis A virus
togaviridae
rubivirus
rhabdoviridae
causes rabies and various animal diseases
filoviridae
enveloped, helical viruses
ebola
paramyxoviridae
morbillivirus
measles virus
orthomyxoviridae
influenza A, B, and C viruses
retroviridae
oncoviruses
leukemia and tumors
what are the two alternative mechanisms of bacteriophage multiplication
lytic cylce and lysogenic cycle
lytic cycle
end with lysis and death of host cell
lysogenic cycle
host cell remains alives
persistent viral infection
occurs gradually over a long period
latent infection
infection of the skin which produces cold sores.
latent and persistent viral infections
positive stranded RNA virus
can synthesize proteins
negative stranded RNA virus
cannot be synthesized