Which of the following is NOT a major endocrine organ, but produces hormones in addition to its major function?
A)kidneys
B)pancreas
C)thymus
D)pituitary
A
Steroid hormones influence cellular activities by __________. activating G proteins
A)using calcium ions as a second messenger
B)activating cyclic AMP located inside the cell
C)binding to DNA and forming a gene-hormone complex
D)activating cyclic AMP located outside the cell
C
Sympathetic nerve stimuli are responsible for the release of __________.
A)estrogen
B)insulin
C)thyroid hormone
D)epinephrine
E)aldosterone
D
The chemical classification of hormones does NOT include __________.
A)steroid hormones
B)amino acid-based hormones
C)protein-based hormones
D)cholesterol-containing hormones
E)glucose-containing hormones
E
The metabolic rate of most body tissues is controlled directly by __________.
A)FSH
B)TSH
C)ACTH
D)TH
E)ADH
D
The secretion of parathyroid hormone is a good example of __________.
A)hormonal stimuli
B)pituitary gland stimuli
C)hypothalamic stimuli
D)humoral stimuli
E)neural stimuli
D
The stimulus for producing insulin is __________.
A) low blood glucose concentration
B) low blood amino acid concentration
C) low blood fatty acid concentration
D) low glycogen concentration
E) high blood glucose concentration
E
The transcription of new messenger RNA is a function of __________.
A) pancreatic hormones
B) catecholamines
C) pituitary gland hormones
D) posterior pituitary hormones
E) steroid hormones
E
Which of the following elements is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormone?
A) iron
B) sulfur
C) copper
D) zinc
E) iodine
E
The hypophyseal portal system transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the __________.
A)parathyroid glands
B)adrenal glands
C)thyroid gland
D)ovaries
E)anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
E
Which of the following signals would affect local cells by releasing chemicals into the extracellular fluid?
A)autocrine
B)neural
C)endocrine
D)paracrine
D
Which of the following is the property in which a hormone CANNOT exhibit its full effect without another hormone?
A)permissiveness
B)assertiveness
C)antagonism
D)synergism
A
Which of the following is NOT synthesized in the pituitary gland?
A)TSH
B)ADH
C)LH
D)PRL
E)FSH
B
Which of the following organs is considered a neuroendocrine organ?
A) adrenal cortex
B)pituitary
C)hypothalamus
D)pancreas
C
Eicosanoids are not true hormones because they __________.
A)don't have target organs
b)mediate inflammatory reactions
c)they act locally, not on distal organs as do true hormones
d)are lipid in nature
C
How do protein kinases affect enzymes?
A)They increase the secretion of an enzyme.
b)They increase the release of an enzyme.
c)They add a phosphate group (phosphorylation) to the enzyme.
D)They break down the enzyme.
C
The "hormone response element" is located on the cell __________.
a) RNA
b)enzymes
c)membrane
d)DNA
d
The binding of a steroid hormone to its receptor would lead to the __________.
a) direct activation of enzymes in the cell
b)direct activation of second-messenger agents in the cell
c)transcription of the DNA for the gene that is "turned on" by this event
d) formation of cAMP
c
Water-soluble hormones exhibit the shortest __________.
a)molecule
b)activation time
c)chain of amino acids
d)half-life
d
The normal endocrine controls can be directly overridden by the __________ system.
a)reproductive
b)nervous
c)circulatory
d)digestive
b
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a prohormone for __________.
a)thyroxin
b)growth hormone
C)insulin
d)ACTH
d
Excess growth hormone would cause all the following EXCEPT __________.
a)suppression of cancer
b)giantism in children
c)diabetes
d)acromegally in adults
a
Hypersecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) can occur in all of the following situations EXCEPT __________.
a)after general anesthesia
b)ectopic ADH secretion by pulmonary cancer
c)after neurosurgery
d)damage to the pineal gland
d
Iodination of thyroid hormones is mediated by __________.
a)peroxidase enzymes
b)the Golgi apparatus
c)lysosomes in the cell
d)colloid endocytosis
a
A congenital condition that includes mental retardation, short disproportional body size, and a thick tongue and neck is caused by __________.
a)deficiency of thymosin
b)excess of synthetic growth hormone
c)deficiency of thyroxin
d)insulin deficiency
c
Osteitis fibrosa cystica is caused by __________.
a)an increase in calcitonin
b)an increase in ADH
c)an increase in the parathyroid hormone
d)an increase in the growth hormone in an adult
c
Insulin enhances the membrane transport of glucose in all of the following tissues EXCEPT __________.
a)skeletal muscle
b) the myocardium
c)the brain
d) adipose tissue
c
Resistin, an insulin antagonist, is a hormone produced by the __________.
a)heart
b)hypothalamus
c)adipose tissue
d)liver
c
Which of the following hormones does the skin produce?
a)erythropoietin
b)melatonin
c)cholecalciferol
d)renin
c
Somatostatin secreted by the pancreas is considered paracrine because it acts on __________.
a)the cells that secrete it
b)cells other than those that secrete it
c)distant target organs
d)the hypothalamus to inhibit or activate the secretion of other hormones
b