Chapter 13 Flashcards


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Microbiology
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1

Infection

Occurs when pathogens enter and multiply in body tissues

2

Infectious disease

Caused by microorganisms or their products

3

Normal flora

Resident, indigenous, normal microflora

4

Endogenous infectious agents

Arise from microbes that are the patient's own normal flora

5

The human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal flora...

During, and immediately after birth

6

Resident flora are found...

On/in the skin, mouth, nasal passages, and large intestine

7

Resident flora of the skin

Staphlococcus, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus, Mycobacterium

8

Resident flora of intestines

Bacteroides

9

Resident flora of mouth, large intestine, and from puberty to menopause, the vagina

Lactobacillus

10

Most common resident flora of mouth surfaces

Streptococcus

11

Resident flora that produces beneficial body products, including vitamin K and several other vitamins

Large intestine

12

Virulence factors

Capsules, exoenzymes, endotoxin, exotoxin

13

STORCH

Represents most common infections of the fetus and neonate

14

Examples of exoenzymes

Microbial hyaluronidase, coagulase, and streptokinase

15

Exotoxins

Are proteins

16

Enterotoxins

Are virulence factors, toxins that target the intestines, proteins, exotoxins

17

Fimbraie

Adherence to substrate

18

Capsules

Antiphagocytic factor

19

Leukocidins

Damage WBCs

20

Hemolysins

Damage RBCs

21

Period of invasion

Specific signs and symptoms are seen and the pathogen is at peak activity

22

The time from when pathogen first enters the body and begins to multiply, until symptoms first appear

Incubation period

23

Prodromal Stage

Initial, brief period of early, general symptoms such as fatigue and muscle aches

24

Mixed infection

Several agents established at infection site

25

Acute infection

Rapid onset of severe, short-lived symptoms

26

Local infection

Pathogen remains at or near entry site

27

Toxemia

Pathogen's toxins carried by the blood to target tissues

28

Symptom

The subjective evidence of disease sensed by the patient

29

Sign

The objective, measurable evidence of disease evaluated by an observer

30

Inflammation

Local edema, swollen lymph nodes, fever, soreness, and abscesses

31

Immunology

The study of frequency and distribution of a disease in a defined population