Holt World History: Chapter 3 Ancient India Study Guide Flashcards


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Holt World History
Chapter 3
updated 14 years ago by richzukowski
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1

part of a code of ethics in Buddhism

Four Noble Truths

2

ancient Indus River Valley city

Harappa

3

powerful priests

Brahmins

4

title of an epic poem

Bhagavad Gita

5

Indo-Aryan religious text

Vedas

6

unity of God and creation

monism

7

This separates the Indian subcontinent from the rest of Asia

the Himalayas

8

the ultimate goal of Hindus

reach nirvana

9

the lowest part of the caste system

pariahs

10

The teachings of Upanishads were in this form

epics

11

Ancient Indus River valley cities based their protection around this type of structure

citadels

12

Leader, lawmaker, and judge of a settlement during the Vedic Age

raja

13

Indian physicians saved lives through this

inoculations

14

Siddhartha Gautama became known as this

Buddha

15

What are stupas?

temples that housed objects associated with Buddha

16

The way to salvation in Buddhism was to

live a life of selflessness

17

Right Action

is part of the Eightfold Path

18

One reason the Guptas lost power

let local leaders become too powerful

19

Chandragupta Maurya ruled how?

establishing a rigid bureaucracy

20

More people became Buddhists after

Asoka converted

21

Mahayana Buddhists view Buddha as a(n)

savior

22

Stories such as the Mahabharata were only read by the Brahmins

false

23

Chandragupta Maurya united this region

northwestern India

24

Siddhartha Gautama set out to find an answer

for the kind of poverty others were suffering from

25

Hindus believe in this good or bad force that results from a person's actions

karma

26

Buddha emphasized this over ceremonies (fill in the blank)

ethics

27

This means doing one moral duty in life (fill in the blank)

Dharma

28

Anyone in any caste could reach nirvana in:

Buddhism

29

This is the time when Siddhartha Gautama left his home to search for truth and meaning (fill in the blank)

The Great Renunciation

30

Region drained by the Indus and Ganges Rivers (fill in the blank)

Indo-Gangeic Plain

31

The thinkers of the Vedanta questioned (short answer)

the powers of the Brahmins and through the Upanishads wrote the explanation of the Vedic religion

32

The Indo-Aryan people's effect on southern India was (short answer)

minimal due to the geography of Southern India separated it from the people of the north

33

Hinduism is not a monotheistic religion because (short answer)

all things are part of the game god and may take the form of other gods. The term is monism.

34

Those most responsible for the spread of Budddhism (short answer)

traders, missionaries, as well as Asoka's conversion

35

This changed Asoka (short answer)

Asoka's army fought in many bloody wars. He was sick of the killing and converted to Buddhism.

36

Describe the difference between early northern India and early southern India (essay)

Northern India was heavily influenced by the Indo-Aryan people, nomads who came to the area to search for better farmlands. The Indo-Aryans helped introduce Sanskrit as a language in India. the social order, with the Brahmin at the top, became the basis of the alter caste system. The Indo-Aryans introduced a structured religion, based around complex ceremonies. southern India was geographically isolated from northern India and developed an independent culture. the mountains in the area kept southern Indians in small, distinct societies, rather than a larger unified culture. They were farmers, hunter-gatherers, and traders using the coasts for a sea trade with other parts of Southeast Asia.

37

Compare and contrast Hinduism and Buddhism

Both believed in the eternal nature of soul and in people's continued rebirth, or reincarnation, and new lives during which they gain the knowledge and experience they need to reach a state of enlightenment salvation, and peace called nirvana. However, the Buddha did not accept the Hindu gods, the sacredness of the Vedas, the elevated position of the Brahmins, or the caste system in general.