What are all the different types of synovial joints
- Plane
- Hinge
- Pivot
- Saddle
- Ball and Socket
- Condyloid
![card image](https://o.quizlet.com/i/T4RONr_7ixCMCUEQiIn1PA_m.jpg)
Plane Joint
bones with articulating surfaces that are flat or slightly curved,
allowing for limited movement; pivot joints consist of the rounded end
of one bone fitting into a ring formed by the other bone to allow
rotational movement. Non axial movement
Ex: intercarpal joints,
intertarsal joints
![card image](http://www.buzzle.com/images/diagrams/human-body/hinge-joint.jpg)
Hinge joint
act like the hinge of a door; the slightly-rounded end of one bone
fits into the slightly-hollow end of the other bone; one bone remains
stationary. uni axial movement
ex: elbow
![card image](https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/523/flashcards/2702523/jpg/pivot_joint_(synovial)1360641304119.jpg)
Pivot joints
rounded end of one bone fitting into a ring formed by the other bone.
This structure allows rotational movement, as the rounded bone moves
around its own axis. uni axial movement
ex:Proximal radioulnar
joints, radius-ulna
![card image](https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/137/flashcards/8570137/png/condyloid_joint1331582436619-146f3d41edc2c988f71-14c24fa9243675f8077-14E2374539A638FF47F.png)
Condylar Joint
an oval-shaped end of one bone fitting into a similarly oval-shaped
hollow of another bone.allows angular movement along two axes. Bi
axial movement
ex: knuckle joints and wrist joints
![card image](http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Fankhauser/Labs/Anatomy_&_Physiology/A&P_2001/A&P2001_LECTURE_notes/saddle_joint.jpg)
Saddle joint
Each bone in a saddle joint resembles a saddle, with concave and convex portions that fit together. Saddle joints allow angular movements similar to condyloid joints, but with a greater range of motion. Bi-axial movement
example: the thumb joint, which can move back and forth and up and down; it can move more freely than the wrist or fingers .
![card image](https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/704/flashcards/586704/png/ball_and_socket_joint1309287173583.png)
Ball and socket joint
Ball-and-socket joints possess a rounded, ball-like end of one bone fitting into a cup-like socket of another bone. This organization allows the greatest range of motion, as all movement types are possible in all directions. Examples of ball-and-socket joints are the shoulder and hip joints .
Flexion, extension and hypertension
![card image](https://o.quizlet.com/7-C2HiTjsncFihn5AkHcZg_m.png)
flexion- a bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint and brings the articulation bones closer together
Extension- the reverse of flexion. increases the angle between the articulating joints & typically straightens the a flexed limb
hyperextension- continuing such movement beyond the anatomical position
Gliding
![card image](http://images.slideplayer.com/18/6122639/slides/slide_5.jpg)
Occurs when one flat, or nearly flat bone surface glides or slips over another. Occurs in wrist
Rotation
![card image](http://images.slideplayer.com/12/3433289/slides/slide_35.jpg)
The turning of a bone around its own long axis. Rotation may be directed toward or away from midline.
Abduction and Adduction
![card image](http://machinedesign.com/site-files/machinedesign.com/files/uploads/2014/07/what-s-diff-abd-addweb-promo.jpg)
Abduction: Movement of a limb away from the midline or median plane of the body Ex: raising arm or thigh
Adduction: Opposite of Abduction. Movement of a limb towards the midline or body
Circumduction
![card image](http://medicalpicturesinfo.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Circumduction-1.jpg)
The moving of a limb so that it does a cone in space. The distal end of a limb moves in a circle, while the point of the cone is more or less stationary
Pronation and supination
![card image](https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/93/b6/a6/93b6a637d96ac48f1814289cb98ce4ec.gif)
Refers to the movement of radius around the ulna.
Supination: Rotating the forearm laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly or superiorly
Pronation: the forearm rotates medially and the palm faces posteriorly or inferiorly. The two bones form an X
Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion
![card image](http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_yy-0u9iMePw/Sm85K3pO8aI/AAAAAAAAAE8/xh0MXxahOow/s320/Dorsi+%26+plantarflexion.jpg)
Dorsiflexion: Lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin
Plantar Flexion: Depressing foot. (pointing toes)
opposition
![card image](https://myhealth.alberta.ca/health/aftercareinformation/_layouts/15/healthwise/media/medical/hw/h9991444_002_pi.jpg)
Thumb. This movement is the action taken when you touch your thumb to the tips of other fingers on the same hand
Protraction and Retraction
![card image](http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Study%20Guide/Image812.gif)
Protraction: nonangular anterior movements
Retraction: Nonangular posterior movements
Elevation and Depression
![card image](https://organicbodymechanic.files.wordpress.com/2015/06/elevation_depression1339604471162.gif)
Elevation: lifting a body part superiorly
Depression: Moving the elevated part inferiorly
Diffusion
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Osmosis
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Concept of selective permeability
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Passive transport
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Active transport
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