Human Anatomy & Physiology: Chp. 16 Endocrine System Study Questions Flashcards

Ovary - produces the hormones that promote the development of the female secondary sexual characteristics at puberty.

Pituitary gland - storehouse for the hormones produced by the hypothalamus of the brain.

Testis - Produces the hormones that direct the production of the secondary male sex characteristics.

Adrenal glands - Produce steroid hormones and glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Hypothalamus - Produces hormones and is considered a neuroendocrine organ.

Bones and muscles - Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Mammary glands - Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)

Testes or ovaries - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Thyroid - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Adrenal cortex - Cortocotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Addison's disease - hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex

Acromegaly - autoimmune problem involving the thyroid gland

Diabetes mellitus - hyposecretion of the pancreas

Pituitary dwarfism - hyposecretion of growth hormone

Graves disease - hypersecretion of growth hormone

Cushing's disease - hypersecretion of adrenal cortex

Myxedema - hyposecretion of thyroid in adults

Acromegaly - hypersection of growth hormone

Cretinism - hyposecretion of thyroid in infants

Thyroid - produces the body's major metabolic hormones

Adrenal medulla - gland that controls the fight-or-flight reaction

Hypophysis - the size and shape of a pea: produces hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands.

Parathyroid - produces a hormone that controls blood levels of calcium and potassium by their removal from bone tissue.

Pancreas - produces hormones that regulate glucose levels in the body.

Zona glomerulosa - produces aldosterone

Zona fasciculate - produces glucocorticoids, produces androgens, excess hormone levels result in Cushings syndrome.

Adrenal medulla - produces epinephrine, hormones mimic sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters

Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver due to the action of _______

Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by _____

All of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through intracellular _______

What is not a category of endocrine gland stimulus

Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids and that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called ________

The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract

Oxytocin

ADH

Thyroid hormone exerts its influence by

Gonadocortioids

Prolonged excessive exposure to high hormone concentrations causes a phenomenon known as

What is not a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus?

The ability of specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on?

Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the _______

The neurohypophysis or posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because _____

Steroid hormones exert their action by ______

The second messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by ?

Hormones often cause a cell to elicit multiple responses; this is because?

Cells that respond to peptide hormones usually do so through a sequence of biochemical reactions involving receptor and kinase activation. In order for cells to respond , It is necessary for first and second messengers to communicate. This is possible because _____

Thyroid hormone enters target cells in a manner similar to_____

When it becomes necessary to enlist the fight-or-flight response, a hormone that Is released during the alarm phase of the general adaption syndrome is ________

One of the least complicated of the endocrine control systems directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients. Which describes this mechanism?

The major targets of growth hormones are ______

The parathyroid glands maintain adequate levels of blood calcium. This is accomplished through _____

Which organ is responsible for synthesizing ANP?

Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to ______

...

The most important regulator of electrolyte concentrations in extracellular fluids is ______

What is not a steroid based hormone?

Which of the following would be associated with the action of steroids on cells?

Cellular responses to hormones that initiate second-messengers systems include ___

Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus ______

ACTH _______

What is true about calcium homeostasis?

Aldosterone ________

The only amine hormone to act like a steroid is ______

Which organ does not have a hormone production?

In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the cells of the target organ. This is known as ______

Eicosanoids do not include _____

A man was told that he is not synthesizing enough FSH, and for this reason he ay be unable to father a child. Explain this problem...

What organ is affected by thyroid hormone in adults?

Thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but it's mechanism is different from other peptide hormones. Why is this _____

How do glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress?

What ion is sometimes used as a second messenger of amino acid based hormones?

What hormones are synthesized from cholesterol?

________ is a hormone that has only one known effect: to stimulate milk production by the breasts.

________ are the result of hypersecretion of growth hormone

The largest pure endocrine gland in the body is the ______

Which hormone stimulates production of RBC's and which organ or structure produces it?

Alpha islet cells produce _______, an extremely potent hyperglycemic hormone

The _____ gland my influence our day/night cycles and even regulate the onset of sexual maturity

The ____ gland declines in size and function with age

Endocrine gland stimuli include hormonal, _____, and ______ stimuli

As a result of stress, the adenohypophysis releases _____, which stimulates release of hormones from the adrenal cortex that retain sodium and water, increase blood sugar and begin breaking down fats.