Microbiology: Chapter 7 Flashcards


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created 10 years ago by Noliver1
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Microbiology
Chapter 7
The Control of Microbial Growth
updated 10 years ago by Noliver1
Subjects:
microbiology, science, life sciences, biology
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1

What method of microbial control completely destroys all forms of microbial life?

Sterilization

2

What is commercial sterilization?

Limited heat treatment, destroys pathogens but not all bacteria (killing C. botulinum endospores)

3

What method destroys the vegetative cells on a surface?

Disinfection

4

What is a disinfectant?

Chemical treatment used to disinfect inanimate objects (removal of pathogens)

5

What method is treatment of living skin or tissue to kill microorganisms (removal of pathogens from living tissue)?

Antisepsis

6

What is physical removal of microbes (alcohol swab, soap) - as in cleaning the skin prior to injections?

Degerming

7

What is sepsis?

Refers to microbial contamination

8

What is asepsis?

The absence of significant contamination

9

What prevents microbial contamination of wounds?

Aseptic surgery techniques

10

What is the systematic cleansing of inanimate objects to reduce the microbial count to a safe level (for public health, used in restrooms, kitchens)?

Sanitize

11

What is bactericidal?

(-cidal, to kill); kill all bacteria

12

What is bacteriostatic?

(-static, to stop); halt (inhibit) the growth of bacteria for as long as the inhibitory substance is present; if inhibitor is removed, growth begins again

13

Microbial death (same as growth) occurs how?

Killing in a population is not instantaneous, it occurs exponentially

14

What does the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment depend on?

Number of microbes

Environment (organic matter, temperature, biofilms)

Time of exposure (need time for disinfectant to work, then wipe)

Microbial characteristics (if unfavorable conditions then will make endospore)

15

What is thermal death time (TDT)?

The time at a given temperature in which all the microorganisms in a liquid culture will be killed.

16

What is thermal death point (TDP)?

The lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are killed in 10 minutes.

17

What is heat sterilization?

High heat and high humidity together are the most effective in killing microorganisms, but dry heat can also be used.

18

What is tyndallization?

Sterilization of a fluid by heating it repeatedly to a point slightly below that of boiling. With each heating the bacteria which have developed from the more resistant spores are destroyed; when finally no undeveloped spores remain the fluid is sterile.