Despite its apparent durability, the dermis is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been previously stretched and/or torn?
The appearance of visible, silvery-white scars is an indication of stretching of the dermis.
_____ marrow is found between the trabeculae of spongy bone.
red *** check this
eyebrow hairs are always shorter than hairs on your head because ____.
eyebrow follicles are only active for a few months.
Which of the following is the single most important stimulus for epiphyseal plate activity during infancy and childhood?
growth hormone
What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?
hyaline cartilage
bones united by hyaline cartilage
syndesmosis
A splinter penetrated into the skin of the sole of the foot, almost to the papillary region of the dermis. Which layer of the epidermis would be the final layer injured?
basale
Osteomalacia is ______.
literally known as "soft bone"
Tendon sheaths______.
act as friction-reducing structures
Why hair appears the way it does?
Curly hair has flat, ribbonlike hair shafts.
_____ are cells in the epidermis that are part of the immune system.
dendritic cells
The design of a person's epidermal ridges is determined by the manner in which the papillae rest upon the dermal ridges to produce the specific pattern known as handprints, footprints, and fingerprints. Which of the following statements is true regarding these prints or ridges?
They are genetically determined, therefore unique to each person.
In addition to protection (physical and chemical barrier), the skin serves other functions. What is another vital function of the skin?
It converts epidermal cholesterol to a vitamin D precursor important to calcium metabolism.
The growth pattern of bone in which matrix is laid down on the surface.
appositional growth
The appearance of this structure signals the end of bone growth.
epiphyseal line
Area where bone longitudinal growth takes place
epiphyseal plate
The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the Haversian canal) is the site of ______.
blood vessels and nerve fibers
The layer of the epidermis where the cells are considered protective but nonviable.
stratum corneum
The glands that serve an important function in thermoregulation
sudoriferous glands
Hair that lacks pigment and is often called "immature hair."
vellus
_____ accounts for almost two-thirds of the weight of adult bone.
calcium phosphate
_____ fractures are completely internal; they do not break through the skin.
closed
When the arrestor pili muscles contract,
"goose bumps" are formed
_____bone reduces the weight of the skeleton and reduces the load on muscles.
spongy
The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated _____.
by hormones, especially adrogens.
Select the most correct statement concerning skin cancer.
Melanomas are rare but must be removed quickly to prevent them from metastasizing.
Thin skin contains ______ layer(s) of keratinocytes, and thick skin contains ____ layers.
4;5
An albino individual lacks the ability to produce
melanin
A child with rickets often has
bowed legs
The term diploe refers to the _____.
internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones
Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream?
parathyroid hormone
Cranial bones develop_____
within fibrous membranes
synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. What is true about the fluid?
it contains hyaluronic acid
What is not a function of the skeletal system
communication
A surgical incision parallel to the lines of cleavage
closes and heals with relatively little scarring
What is the structural unit of compact bone?
the osteon
sensible perspiration for the thermoregulation is produced by ____ glands.
eccrine
The function of the root hair plexus is to _____.
allow the hair to assist in touch sensation
Order of steps in the process of endochondral ossification
1. Perichondrial cells become osteoblasts and produce a thin layer collar of bone around the hyaline cartilage model
2. Chondrocytes enlarge and the surrounding matrix begins to calcify
3. Enlarged chondrocytes die
4. Blood vessels invade the perichondrium
5. Osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with spongy bone
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. What are the two types?
eccrine and apocrine
What glands produce ear wax?
ceruminous glands
Vernix caseosa is a _____
whitish material produced by fetal sebaceous glands
In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows_____.
by pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis
The structural unit of spongy bone
trabaculae
THe sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated______.
by hormones, especially androgens.
Through the action of osteoclasts
bony matrix is dissolved
what kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?
hyaline cartlige
Melanocystes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocystes____
accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion, forming a UV-blocking pigment layer
the _____ glands in the axilla becomes active in the time of puberty
(Think: axe deodorant…)
apocrine sweat.
(you would sweat a lot if you were stung by a porcupine )
The effects of aging on the skin include
a decline in the activity of sebaceous glands
(old people don't get zits… sebaceous glands is what makes zits)
the process of bones or cartilage increasing in width by growth from the surface is known as____
appositional growth
(you can get an "ap" to increase the width of your photos on instagram)
osteogenesis is the process of____
bone formation
(genesis always means growth osteo is obvi bone)
the cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bones is the
Think matrix the movie
osteoblast
lots of explosions were in the movie thus lots of blasts :)
the resilience of bone is primarily due to which of the following?
sacrificial bonds in or between collagen molecules
(the resilience of catholic is due to the SACRIFICE of jesus on the cross and he was pretty damn boney when he died)
the periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called___
perforating (sharpeys) fibers
Which of the following statements describes interstitial growth?
Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within.
The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand tension stress?
compact bone
Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood?
epiphyseal plate
Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of____.
fat
The single most important risk for skin cancer is______.
overexposure to UV radiation
Best way to describe osteocyte
mature bone cell
Example of why hair appears the way it does
Kinky hair has flat, ribbonlike hair shafts
Cranial bones develop_____.
within fibrous membranes
Although the integument is a covering, it is by no means simple, and some of its functions include_____.
resident macrophage-like cells who function is to ingest antigenic invaders and present them to the immune system
What tissue forms the model for endochondrial ossification?
cartilage
Ossification of the end of long bones____.
is produced by secondary ossification centers
Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner (osteogenic) layer consists primarily of____.
cartilage
Variations in hair color reflect differences in the pigment produced by
melanocytes
Accessory structures of the skin include all of the following except:
a. epidermis
b. sebaceous glands
c. hair follicles
d. nails
e. swear glands
epidermis