Human Anatomy and Physiology with MasteringA&P and Get Ready for A&P: Final Exam Flashcards

Five hemoglobin molecules can carry a total of _____ oxygen molecules.

Which of these is a granulocyte?

Which blood type is considered the universal recipient?

Pepsinogen, a digestive enzyme, is secreted by the

Surgical cutting of the gingivae would occur around which structure of the body?

What is the functional contractile unit of a skeletal muscle called?

Respiratory acidosis can occur when

Histamines are secreted by

The first artery to branch from the aortic arch is the

The baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch are sensitive to which of the following?

Which statement is FALSE concerning adaptations to exercise?

The __________ unites with the common bile duct to form the ampulla of Vater.

*A client’s kidneys are retaining large amounts of sodium. The nurse anticipates that the kidneys also are retaining large amounts of

Which of the following is NOT true of the respiratory tract from the medium bronchi to the aveoli?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The blood protein albumin

Select the CORRECT statement about the nephrons.

Name the muscle that prevents “winging” of the scapulae.

Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones or paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which of the following cell types synthesize and secrete these products?

Which of the following is a member of the hamstrings?

In general, the sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called

Myoglobin

*A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of mitral stenosis. The nurse caring for the client understands that the narrowing of this valve impedes circulation of blood from the

Platelets

The terminal portion of the large intestine is known as the

Bell's palsy is a dysfunction of cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve) that results in inability to control facial muscles on the affected side. Which muscle will NOT be affected as a result of this condition?

*A client in renal failure is hyponatremic (low in sodium). The nurse attributes this problem to the client’s insufficient production of

Respiratory control centers are located in the

Paneth cells

The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is

Peristaltic waves are

Which of these is NOT a normal plasma protein?

*A clinic nurse is performing a cardiovascular assessment on a client. In preparing to assess the client’s apical pulse, the nurse places the stethoscope over the heart’s apex in which the of the following locations?

During vigorous exercise, there may be insufficient oxygen available to completely break down pyruvic acid for energy. As a result, the pyruvic acid is converted to

Small muscle masses attached to the chordae tendineae are the

A prominent lateral muscle of the neck that can cause lateral rotation and flexion of the head is the

The function of goblet cells is to

Problems with fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance are particularly common in infants because of their

A falling blood pH and a rising carbon dioxide level to pneumonia or emphysema indicates

Which of the choices below reflects the balance (or imbalance) between the direction and amount of fluid that flows across the capillary walls?

You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following enzymes will help to digest the meal?

The function of hepatic portal circulation is to

The latissimus dorsi muscle is classified as a

Which of the following chemicals does NOT help regulate blood pressure?

What is the role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscle?

The renal corpuscle is made up of

Which respiratory-associated muscles would contract if you were to play the trumpet as loud as you could?

Which hormones or paracrine will inhibit gastric secretions?

When carbon dioxide loading occurs, the hemoglobin molecule is more appropriately referred to as

Reabsorption of high levels of glucose and amino acids in the filtrate is accomplished by

The pitch of a person's voice depends on all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

You have just eaten a cracker. Which of the following glands would be active in initiating the digestion of this food?

Paralysis of which muscle would make an individual unable to unlock the knee joint?

Tidal volume is air

Epicardium and endocardium contain do not contain?

__________ are phagocytic leukocytes that develop into macrophages outside of the blood stream.

Which muscle(s) is (are) contracted to inhale forcibly?

In an isotonic contraction, the muscle

Which of the choices below is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Chyme is created in the

Which muscle would NOT be utilized to kick a soccer ball?

The term ductus venosus refers to

Which of the following is NOT true of saliva?

Which hormone causes an increased output of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice and stimulates gallbladder contraction to release bile?

All of the following are muscles of the rotator cuff EXCEPT the

The lumbrical muscles lie between

Which of the events below does NOT occur when the semilunar valves are open?

*A client who has been diagnosed with pleurisy tells the nurse that it is painful to inhale. The nurse responds that this is an expected finding because

Striations of a skeletal muscle cell are produced by

Which of the following is NOT a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier?

Adductor magnus, adductor longus, and adductor brevis are parts of a large muscle mass of the

The bifurcation of the trachea lies posterior to the

The largest air passages that engage in gas exchange with the blood are the

Which of the following is NOT a structure or impression of the right lung?

The azygos vein

*A client has experienced a myocardial infarction. The nurse caring for the client understands that the client’s chest pain is due to tissue hypoxia in which of the following layers of the heart?

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?

Which of the following statements about the molecular structure of myofilaments is TRUE?

*A nurse is caring for a client who is retaining carbon dioxide (CO2) as a result of respiratory disease. The nurse anticipates that as the client’s CO2 level rises, the client’s pH level should

Which of the following statements is an INCORRECT statement?

Which three muscles elevate the mandible?

To auscultate the aortic semilunar valve, you would place your stethoscope in the

The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II pneumocytes. The function of type II is to

*A client who is experiencing respiratory difficulty asks the nurse, “Why is it so much easier to breath out than in?” In providing a response, the nurse explains that breathing is easier on exhalation because

Which of the following arteries will supply the tissues of the lungs?

Which of the below structures anchors the tooth in the bony alveolus of the jaw?

______ gives erythrocytes flexibility to change shape as necessary.

The kidney hormone __________ stimulates RBC production.

Cardiac muscle has all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following describes the infrahyoid muscles?

*A nurse instructor asks a nursing student to describe the structure and function of the coronary arteries. Which of the following responses by the student indicates a need to further research anatomy and physiology related to the heart?

An anaerobic metabolic pathway that results in the production of two net ATPs per glucose plus two pyruvic acid molecules is

The larynx contains

The most abundant formed elements seen in most stained blood films are

*A chest x-ray report states that the client has an apical pneumothorax of the left lung. The nurse caring for this client monitors the status of breath sounds in that area by placing the stethoscope

The nose serves all the following functions

Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?

What part of the sarcolemma contains acetylcholine receptors?

All of the following are branches of the external carotid EXCEPT the

*A nurse is providing a simple overview of the anatomy of the liver and gallbladder for a client hospitalized with biliary obstruction. The nurse explains that normally the liver stores bile in the gallbladder, which is connected to the liver’s biliary system by the

Select the CORRECT statement regarding blood cell formation.

What is the functional role of the T tubules?

Which of the following is NOT directly associated with the renal corpuscle?

When a muscle fiber contracts

Microcirculation includes all of the following structures EXCEPT

A(n) _____ is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement.

Which of the following muscles is involved in frowning?

Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle

The body’s water volume is closely tied to the level of which of the following ions?

The __________ supply the brain with blood.

Which pair of muscles are important in male reproduction?

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

*A nurse is listening to a cardiologist explain the results of a cardiac catheterization to a client and family. The physician tells the client that a blockage is present in the large blood vessel that supplies the anterior wall of the left ventricle. The nurse interprets that the physician is referring to which of the following arteries?

Complete the statement.
Platelets contain ___________________

Which of the following is NOT a part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Allergies stimulate an increased _____ count.

Which of the following two organs function as the most important physiological buffer systems?

The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task?

The pectoralis major muscle attaches to all of the following areas EXCEPT

Which vitamin is important in the formation of blood clotting proteins?

The hepatic portal vein is formed by the joining of the gastric veins, splenic vein, and the

Which of the following muscles is least likely to contract while performing a back-bend?

Which of the following muscles inverts the foot?

The septal papillary muscle is found in the

The major function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contractions is to

The ________ contains hexagonal lobules with sinusoids (lined with macrophages) that lead to a central venous structure.

*A client has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The nurse interprets that the client has dysfunction of which of the following parts of the digestive system?

Which statement is NOT true of the position of the kidneys in the body?

The fossa ovalis

Blood in the posterior interventricular artery flows into myocardial blood capillaries and then drains into the

*A hospitalized client has been diagnosed with heart failure as a complication of hypertension. In explaining the disease process to the client, the nurse identifies which of the following chambers of the heart as primarily responsible for the client’s symptoms?

Which of the following muscles is a medial rotator of the thigh?

*A client is experiencing delayed gastric emptying. The nurse determines that dysfunction of the following structures is responsible for the client’s symptoms?

Which of the following is an ESSENTIAL role played by bacteria of the large intestine?

A motor neuron and the muscle cells that it stimulates is referred to as a

Which nerve runs along the lateral mediastinum between the pericardium of the heart and the lungs.

The lamina propria

Select the CORRECT statement about the pharynx.

Which of the following are composed of actin?

*A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client diagnosed with pancreatitis. The nurse anticipates that the enzyme _____ will remain normal in the client.

Which of the following is characteristic of ALL leukocytes?

Fenestrated capillaries

The T wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates

All of the following are functions of muscles EXCEPT

Which muscle would be an antagonist to the extensor digiti minimi muscle?

Which cells of the kidneys are chemoreceptors that respond to changes in solute content of the filtrate?

The term hypotonic hydration refers to

What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction?