Parasitic Helminths
- Trematode Parasite (Fluke) - flat worms
- Cestodes (tapeworms)
- Nematodes (round worms)
Trematode Parasite (Fluke) (flat worm)
- Clonorchis sinensis - Oriental Liver Fluke
- Paragonimus Westermani - Lung Fluke
- Schistosoma mansoni - Blood Fluke
Cestode Parasite (tape worm)
- Dipylidium caninum
- Hymenolepis nana
- Echinococcus granulosus
- Taenia spp.
- Taenia Saginata Proglottid
- Taenia Solium Scolex
Clonorchis (Opisthorchis) sinensis
Oriental Liver Fluke / Trematode Parasite (Fluke)
- Causes clonorchiasis, a liver disease.
- Infection typically occurs when under-cooked infected fish is ingested.
![card image](../uploads/590/38/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000377.png)
Clonorchis sinensis - (Oriental Liver Fluke)
pic.: egg in a fecal specimen
![card image](../uploads/591/39/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000393.png)
Clonorchis sinensis Adult
Oriental Liver Fluke
pic.: adult
![card image](../uploads/514/61/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000214.jpg)
Infection typically occurs when under-cooked infected fish is ingested
Causes clonorchiasis, a liver disease
Paragonimus Westermani
Lung Fluke
Trematode Parasite (fluke)
- Causes paragonimiasis
- Infected when eating under-cooked crabs or crayfish infected with the cysts
- Symptoms: local inflammatory response followed by ulceration, cough with discolored or bloody sputum, difficulty breathing
![card image](../uploads/592/40/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000381.png)
Paragonimus Westermani - lung fluke
pic.: egg in a fecal specimen
![card image](../uploads/519/66/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000200.jpg)
Paragonimus Westermani - lung fluke
pic.: Adult
![card image](../uploads/521/68/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000230.jpg)
Infected when eating under-cooked crabs or crayfish infected with the cysts.
Causes paragonimiasis
![card image](../uploads/593/41/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000383.png)
Schistosoma mansoni / Blood Fluke
Trematode Parasite (fluke)
- Infection occurs via contact with fecally contaminated water containing juveniles of the species
- Symptoms: bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and lethargy
![card image](../uploads/525/72/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000246.jpg)
Schistosoma mansoni / Blood Fluke
pic.: egg in a fecal specimen
![card image](../uploads/594/42/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000385.png)
Schistosoma mansoni / Blood Fluke
pic.: Adult
Dipylidium caninum
Cestode Parasite (tape worm)
- common parasite of cats and dogs
-
infection usually
occurs in children
Symptom: asymptomatic, mild abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, indigestion - Dog, cat, or child ingests one of these fleas
![card image](../uploads/534/81/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000250.jpg)
Dipylidium caninum
pic.: Egg Packet
![card image](../uploads/595/43/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000389.png)
Dipylidium caninum
pic.: Scolex
![card image](../uploads/596/44/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000391.png)
Dipylidium caninun Proglottids
Echinococcus granulosus
- Definitive host is a carnivore.
- Intermediate host usually an herbivorous mammal
- Develop hydatid disease.
![card image](../uploads/536/83/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000270.png)
Echinococcus granulosus
pic.: cyst in lung tissue
![card image](../uploads/597/45/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000395.png)
Echinococcus granulosus -
hydatid disease
![card image](../uploads/580/28/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000355.png)
Echinococcus granulosus
pic.: Adult
Hymenolepis nana
Dwarf Tapeworm
Infection may involve hundreds of worms
symptoms are usually mild
![card image](../uploads/598/46/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000397.png)
Hymenolepis nana
pic. Scolex
![card image](../uploads/599/47/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000399.png)
Hymenolepis nana
pic. Proglottids
...
Hymenolepis nana
pic.: egg in a feces
Taenia saginata
Taenia saginata
Beef Tapeworm
Cysticercosis
![card image](../uploads/600/48/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000401.png)
Taenia saginata
pic. Proglottids
![card image](../uploads/583/31/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000361.png)
Taenia solium
pic. scolex
Pork Tapeworm
T. solium life cycle is similar to T. saginata.
Cysticercosis
![card image](../uploads/584/32/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000363.png)
Ascaris lumbricoides
Large Nematode
1. Ascaris pneumonia occurs in heavy infections
due to the lung damage.
2. If secondary bacterial infections
occur, the pneumonia can be fatal.
![card image](../uploads/585/33/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000365.png)
Enterobius vermicularis
Human Pinworm
1. Favor fecal-oral transmission of the
parasite.
2. Poor sanitary habits of children make them
especially prone.
3. Transmission may also involve eggs being
carried on air currents.
![card image](../uploads/586/34/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000367.png)
Ancylostoma duodenale
Necator americanus
Hookworm
Eggs are passed in the feces.
![card image](../uploads/587/35/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000369.png)
Strongyloides stercoralis
Intestinal Threadworm
1. Infection occurs by penetration of
the skin by infective juveniles from fecally contaminated soil.
![card image](../uploads/588/36/12b675eb_14b532177d6__8000_00000371.png)
Wuchereria bancrofti
Filarial Worm
1. causes lymphatic filariasis.
2.
Infection occurs from the bite of a mosquito harboring infective
juveniles.
3. obstruction of lymphatic vessels occurs and
results in elephantiasis.
Abundant at night when the mosquito
vector is
active.