OCP C 1B Anatomy and Physiology > Muscular System > Muscular System Flashcards


Set Details Share
created 11 years ago by cassandra0126
1,611 views
show moreless
Page to share:
Embed this setcancel
COPY
code changes based on your size selection
Size:
X
Show:

1

What You'll Learn

After you finish this lesson, you will be able to:

  • Describe the functions of the muscular system.
  • Explain the common traits of all muscles.
  • Identify the types of muscles.
  • Define types of body movements.

2

Muscular System

The muscular system contains over 600 muscles. About 40% of a person's body weight comes from muscles. The muscular system performs these functions:

  • Helps with body movement
  • Supports body posture
  • Produces heat and energy
  • Protects internal organs
  • Helps move blood, food, and waste products through the body
  • Opens and closes body openings

3

Muscle Traits

Muscles usually act in groups to create movement, although each muscle is a distinct part. All muscles have four common traits.

Excitability or Irritability: The ability to respond to a stimulus, such as anerve orhormone. Muscles can be stimulated electrically, mechanically, or chemically.

  • Contractibility: The ability to shorten and produce movement when stimulated.
  • Extensibility: The ability to be stretched and lengthened.
  • Elasticity: The ability to return to its original shape after contracting or stretching.

Muscle tone refers to the ability of muscles to be slightly contracted at all times, even when not in use. It allows a person to be in a state of readiness to act.

4

The ability of muscles to be slightly contracted at all times to be ready to act is known as muscle _______.

tone

5

Ability to be stretched and lengthened

extensibility

6

Ability to shorten and produce movement when stimulated

contractibility

7

Ability to respond to a stimulus, such as a nerve or hormone

excitability (irratibility)

8

Ability to return to its original shape after contracting or stretching

elasticity

9

Types of Muscles

The three types of muscle tissue are cardiac, visceral, and skeletal.

Cardiac muscle forms the walls of the heart. When it contracts, this type of muscle causes the heart to beat to circulate blood.

  • Visceral, or smooth, muscle is found in hollow organs, in the walls of blood vessels, and in the eyes. It contracts to produce movement in these organs.
  • Skeletal muscle is attached to the bones. It helps produce body movement.

Cardiac and visceral muscles are involuntary, which means that they are not controlled by a person's conscious thought, or will. Most skeletal muscles are voluntary, which means that a person can control their actions.

10

A person can control the actions of involuntary muscles.

  • True
  • False

False

11

Which types of muscle are generally voluntary?

  • Visceral
  • Cardiac
  • Skeletal
  • All of the above

Skeletal

12

Attached to the bones to help produce body movement

skeletal

13

Forms the walls of the heart and causes the heart to beat

cardiac

14

Found in hollow organs, in the walls of blood vessels, and in the eyes

visceral

15

Attachment of Skeletal Muscles

While ligaments attach bone to bone, muscles are attached to bones by bands of fibrous tissue called tendons.

The end of the muscle that is connected to the bone that does not move is called the origin.

The end connected to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts is called the insertion.

Fascia is a sheet of tough fibrous tissue that wraps around an individual muscle.

16

Attaches muscle to bone

tendon

17

End of the muscle connected to the bone that moves

insertion

18

Sheet of tough fibrous tissue that wraps around an individual muscle

fascia

19

End of the muscle connected to the bone that does NOT move

origin

20

Types of Body Movements

Types of body movements made by skeletal muscles include:

Flexion: Bending a body part, which decreases the angle of thejoint.

  • Extension: Straightening a body part, which increases the angle of the joint.
  • Abduction: Moving a body part away from the midline.
  • Adduction: Moving a body part toward the midline.
  • Rotation: Turning a body part around on its own axis to produce a circular or semi-circular motion.

21

What type of body movement occurs in the leg when a person kicks a soccer ball forward?

  • Extension
  • Abduction
  • Flexion
  • Adduction
  • Rotation

Extension

22

What type of body movement occurs in the neck when a person turns the head from side-to-side to signal "No?"

  • Abduction
  • Extension
  • Adduction
  • Flexion
  • Rotation

Rotation

23

Lesson Summary

In this lesson, you learned that:

  • The main function of the muscular system is to supply body movement.
  • All muscles share four common traits: excitability or irritability, contractibility, extensibility, and elasticity.
  • The three types of muscle tissue are cardiac, visceral, and skeletal.
  • Types of body movements made by skeletal muscles include: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation.