sociology test 10/2/14 Flashcards


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1

When a group has a distinctive way of looking at life, but at the same time their values and norms reflect the dominant culture of their society, the group would be considered a(n) __________________.
a. counterculture

subculture

2

Which of the following groups would not be an example of counterculture?

Chicago Cubs fans.

3

After hitting 60 home runs and leading the league in runs batted in, the league's managers and players voted to award Roberto the Babe Ruth Trophy as the player of the year. In this situation, Roberto has received what sociologists call a ________________.

positive sanction

4

Sociologists use the term _____________ to indicate the standards by which people define their ideas about what is desireable in life.

values

5

A society which is made up of many different religious, racial and ethnic groups would be best described as

pluralistic

6

To fully understand the Islamic practice of polygyny (men having multiple wives), it is necessary to use the perspective of ___________.

cultural relativism

7

Jewelry, art, hairstyles and clothing each represent examples of __________________.

material culture

8

When Harry returned from a business trip in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, his wife asked him what he thought of the Vietnamese people. Harry replied, "they're primitive people who eat roast dog, drive wildly around town on motor scooters, and talk very fast." Harry's reply best qualifies as an example of __________________.

ethnocentrism

9

Arranged marriage, captialism, required ages of going to school, and Judaism are all examples of

non-material culture

10

Most American high schools routinely schedule ceremonies to recognize the most talented student-athletes and scholars. Such activities illustrate the importance that Americans place on the value of _______________.

achievement

11

Which statement is least accurate regarding language?

Language is universal in terms of the meaning of particular sounds.

12

The intense controversy between pro-life and pro-choice advocates that has resulted in violence can best be described as a(n) _______________.

culture war

13

In a four square block section of midtown Manhattan, it is possible to purchase a bagel with cream cheese, eat stir fried vegetables prepared in a wok or dine on raw fish in a sushi bar. This range of culinary possibilities illustrates the process of _______________.

cultural diffusion

14

Sally, Monica, and Alice study hard and lead their respective classes in test scores and achievement. Because they are so studious they lack a serious social life on campus. But next week is spring break and the three young ladies have decided to go to Cancun. They are planning on partying through the nights and having a wild and wonderful time. In view of their abrupt change of behavior, sociologists would conclude that the ladies are _____________________.

planning a moral holiday

15

The tendency for Americans to emphasize good nutrition, medical care, housing late model cars, and recreational play things fall under the value Robin Williams referred to as _______________.

material comfort

16

When social values contradict one another, such contradictions can serve as a source of ________________.

social change

17

When Napster first enabled users to exchange music files on the internet, recording companies cried "foul" even though there were no such laws to limit such exchanges. This gap between social norms and technology provides an illustration of what William Ogburn called ___________.

cultural lag

18

Sociologists use the concept "norms" to describe ________________.

the expectations, or rules of behavior that develop out of values

19

Of the four interralated core values emerging in American society, the one that is reflected in a huge recreation industry from computer games, boating, travel, and sports arenas is ________________.

leisure