The degree of attenuation depends on tissue characteristics.
true
false
true
The dynamic display of a patient’s anatomy using x-radiation is
termed:
fluoroscopy.
radiography.
image intensification.
real-time radiography.
fluoroscopy
The beam of photons, before it interacts with the patient, is called:
primary radiation
secondary radiation
tertiary radiation
remnant radiation
primary radiation
In a film-based imaging department, automatic processors are an
indispensable part of departmental operations. From the choices below,
which is NOT TRUE regarding automatic film processing?
They typically process images in 90 seconds.
They
are maintenance-free and require annual cleaning.
They
use rollers to transport film through the processing compartments.
The processing chemicals consist of developer, fixer,
and wash.
They are maintenance-free and require annual cleaning.
X-ray film imaging has been replaced by:
computed
radiography (CR).
direct digital detector technology.
digital radiography systems.
all of the above.
all of the above.
The x-ray tube component that stops the stream of electrons and
produces the x-ray beam is called the:
cathode.
anode.
tetrode.
positode.
anode.
Of all of the energy traveling through the x-ray tube during a
radiographic exposure, the largest percentage of this electrical
energy is converted to:
x-radiation.
infrared energy.
thermal energy (heat).
mechanical energy.
thermal energy (heat).
Indirect capture digital radiography is unlike direct capture
technology in that indirect technology uses:
amorphous
selenium.
no thin-film-transistor (TFT) technology.
a scintillator material to produce light in a two-step
process.
amorphous silicon bonded to amorphous selenium
as a two-step process.
a scintillator material to produce light in a two-step process.
Both the size and the shape of an object can be distorted on a
radiographic image.
true
false
true
The fluoroscopic image is a static image.
true
false
false
The overall blackening of the film is called:
contrast
density
detail
distortion
density
There are four primary image quality factors. They are:
SID, mAs, SOD, and kVp.
primary radiation, scatter
radiation, secondary radiation, and remnant radiation.
contrast, IR exposure or density, distortion, and recorded
detail.
grids, collimation, filtration, and beam restriction.
contrast, IR exposure or density, distortion, and recorded detail.
Materials that allow x-ray photons to travel through easily are:
radiopaque
radiolucent
latent
attenuated
radiolucent
The device that intercepts the exit radiation from a patient and
creates the radiographic image is the:
radiographic
grid.
collimator.
image receptor.
image workstation.
image receptor.
Inadequate mAs exposures in CR imaging technology will yield an image
that is:
grainy and demonstrates quantum mottle.
magnified and distorted.
minified and distorted.
overexposed and too dark to interpret.
grainy and demonstrates quantum mottle.
The loss of radiographic image resolution is often referred to as
“unsharpness.” All of the following contribute to total image
unsharpness EXCEPT the:
size and shape of the patient’s
anatomy.
pixel size of the image receptor (IR) and
monitor display.
size and shape of the exposure field
(collimation).
image geometry factors such as SID, OID,
and focal spot size.
size and shape of the exposure field (collimation).
Milliampere-seconds directly control the quality of the x-ray photons
produced.
true
false
false
Radiation that is nondiagnostic is called:
contrast
density
primary radiation
scatter radiation
scatter radiation
The invisible, unprocessed data on an image detector immediately
after x-ray exposure form the _____ image.
remnant
manifest
primary
latent
latent
The inverse square law states that the intensity of a beam of
radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from
the source.
true
false
true
According to the inverse square law, if distance is doubled,
intensity decreases to _______ the original value.
1/4
1/2
2 times
4 times
1/4
The large focal spot is used when fine detail is required.
true
false
false
A direct capture digital radiography detector uses _____ as the
receptor material.
silver bromide
amorphous silicon
amorphous selenium
barium fluorohalide
amorphous selenium
Contrast is the chief controlling factor of exposure and density.
true
false
false
High contrast has a short scale with wide latitude.
true
false
false
All of the following are true of computed radiography (CR) EXCEPT:
it uses cassettes.
the image is recorded
on an amorphous silicon digital detector plate.
the
active chemical in CR plates is barium fluorohalide.
the
image plates are reusable.
the image is recorded on an amorphous silicon digital detector plate.
Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding kilovolts peak
(kVp)? Kilovolts peak (kVp):
principally controls the
quantity of x-rays produced.
has little impact on
penetrability of the beam through the patient.
is a
measure of the electron speed through the x-ray tube from anode to
cathode.
affects both x-ray beam quantity and quality.
affects both x-ray beam quantity and quality.
As mAs increases, density decreases.
true
false
false
The process by which the nature of the primary beam is altered as it
travels through the patient is called:
attenuation
remnance
scatter
photon
attenuation
Materials that are not easily traversed by x-ray photons are:
radiopaque
radiolucent
latent
attenuated
radiopaque
The x-radiation that is “left over” and exits the patient to strike
the image receptor and create the image is known as _____ radiation.
remnant
primary
scatter and
secondary
Grenz
remnant
kVp is the chief controlling factor of contrast.
true
false
true
The three major classifications of diagnostic radiographic imaging
include each of the following except:
radiation therapy
digital imaging
fluoroscopic imaging
film/screen radiography
radiation therapy
Bowel gas in the abdomen would be an example of a _____ material,
with regard to the x-ray beam.
radiopaque
radiolucent
radiofrequent
radioresistant
radiolucent
Scatter can be controlled by using an automatic processor.
true
false
false
To change kVp while maintaining the same exposure:
increase mAs by 15% and 1/2 kVp
increase mAs and
kVp by 50%
increase kVp 15% and 1/2 mAs
decrease mAs by 15% and 1/2kVp
increase kVp 15% and 1/2 mAs
The beam that exits the patient is called:
primary
radiation
scatter radiation
remnant
radiation
attenuation
remnant radiation
The production of x-radiation that occurs in an x-ray tube requires
the movement of negatively charged particles traveling from one side
of the tube to the other. This movement of charges must occur in:
an aqueous medium.
a vacuum.
a tungsten gas environment.
any condition that
exists inside the x-ray tube, including a nonvacuum.
a vacuum.
Detail is affected by patient motion.
true
false
true
Doubling the kVp doubles the exposure.
true
false
false
The individual packets of energy contained in the primary beam are
called:
scatter
photons
density
contrast
photons
Digital imaging requires a filmless system.
true
false
true
The SID is the distance between:
the patient and the
image receptor
the tube and the patient
the tube and the image receptor
the cathode and
the anode
the tube and the image receptor
As you process a radiographic image of the abdomen of a small child,
you notice a small ringlike object on the image. It appears this
object is in the patient’s stomach, which is consistent with the
examination history. The ring shows on the x-ray image because of its
metallic density. This is the result of:
attenuation of
the x-ray beam by the metallic density of the ring.
transmission of the x-ray beam through the soft metal of the
ring.
electrons from the x-ray tube striking the
patient.
scatter radiation from the patient.
attenuation of the x-ray beam by the metallic density of the ring.
The primary beam can be modified through the use of filtration and
beam limitation.
true
false
true
Which combination would produce an mAs of 10?
200 mA, mc, 1/20
sec
100 mA, mc, 1/10 kvp
100 mA, 10 sec
200 mA,
mc042-3.jpg sec
200 mA, mc, 1/20 sec
When radiographic images of patients are created, many exposure
variables come into play to produce optimum image quality. Any change
in the radiographic image impression should be the result of:
each technologist using his or her customized exposure
techniques.
the radiation output of the x-ray machine.
the patient’s medical condition as reflected in the
image characteristics.
the time of day the image is
taken, because department business affects image quality.
the patient’s medical condition as reflected in the image characteristics.
Kilovoltage peak directly controls the quality of the x-ray photons
produced.
true
false
true
An effective method to overcome superimposition of patient anatomy on
a radiograph is to:
1. increase the SID.
2. angle the
x-ray tube.
3. decrease the SOD.
4. rotate the patient
into an oblique position.
5. angle the image receptor.
1 and 3 only
2 and 5 only
2 and 4
only
1 and 5 only
2 and 4 only
All of the following are related EXCEPT:
source of
electrons.
means for setting electrons in high-speed
motion.
a target to stop or suddenly decelerate the
electron travel.
a lead barrier to stop the production
of heat formation.
a lead barrier to stop the production of heat formation.
The distinct representation of an object’s true borders is called:
contrast
density
detail
distortion
detail
The invisible image recorded on a film that has not been processed is
what type of image?
radiopaque
attenuated
latent
radiolucent
latent
The misrepresentation of an object’s true size or shape is called:
contrast
density
detail
distortion
distortion
The radiographer has control of which one of the following technical
factors?
mAs
kVp
SID
all of the above
all of the above
Automatic processing of radiographic images requires approximately:
30 seconds
1.5 minutes
3
minutes
90 minutes
1.5 minutes
The total quantity of x-ray photons produced during an exposure is
determined by the:
kVp.
SID.
milliamperage (mA).
mAs.
mAs.
The darkness of a film image is referred to as radiographic density.
Given the three sets of mAs calculations that follow, all three should
yield the same degree of radiographic density.
Exposure 1: 200
mA ´ 0.05 ms
Exposure 2: 100 mA ´ 0.10 ms
Exposure 3:
400 mA ´ 0.025 ms
This is known as:
the inverse
square law.
the kVp/mAs ratio.
mA/mAs
proportionality.
mAs reciprocity.
mAs reciprocity.
As you position patients for various radiographic procedures, you
will occasionally angle the x-ray tube assembly. This intentional use
of tube angles is referred to as:
size distortion.
size minification.
shape distortion.
magnification.
shape distortion.
As you perform a portable chest radiograph, the optimal SID of 40
inches is unattainable because of orthopedic supports over the
patient. It is necessary for you to shorten the SID to 34 inches. A
professional radiographer should do which of the following?
Indicate the shorter SID on the examination notes to the
radiologist.
Prop the patient up to increase the
distance 6 inches from the image receptor.
Angle the
tube cephalad to compensate for the shorter SID.
Angle
the tube 15 degrees caudad to compensate for the SID.
Indicate the shorter SID on the examination notes to the radiologist.
The visible difference between densities is called:
contrast
density
detail
distortion
contrast