Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Manual, Fetal Pig Version: Anatomy & Physiology Lab 1: The Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1.The Skull
2.The Vertebral Column
3.The Thoracic Cage

-encloses and protects the fragile brain tissue

-supports the eyes and position them anteriorly
-provides attachment sites for facial muscles

Sutures

freely movable joint

-the superior, lateral, and posterior walls of the skull

-forms the skull bottom

1.Anterior cranial fossae
2.Middle cranial fossae
3.Posterior cranial fossae

-anterior portion of cranium
-forms the forehead

-opening above each orbit allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass

-smooth area between the eyes

-posterolateral to the frontal bone, forming sides of the cranium

-midline articulation point of the two parietal bones

-point of articulation of parietals with frontal bone

-inferior to parietal bone on lateral skull

1. Squamous part
-border the parietals
2.Tympanic part
-surrounds the external ear opening
3.Petrous
-forms the lateral portion of the skull base and contains the mastoid process

-point of articulation of the temporal bone with the parietal bone

- bridgelike projection joining the zygomatic bone (cheekbone) anteriorly

-rounded depression on the inferior surface of the zygomatic process
-forms the socket for the condylar process of the mandible
-where the mandible joins the lower cranium

-canal leading to eardrum and middle ear

-needlelike projection inferior to external acoustic meatus
-attachment point for muscles and ligaments of the neck

-opening medial to the styloid process through which the internal jugular vein and cranial nerves IX, X, and XI pass

-opening medial to the styloid through which the internal carotid artery passes into the cranial cavity

-opening on posterior aspect (or petrous part) of temporal bone allowing passage of cranial nerves

-jagged opening between the petrous temporal bone and the sphenoid providing passage for a number of small nerves and for the internal carotid artery to enter the middle cranial fossa

-tiny opening between the mastoid and styloid processes through which cranial nerve VII leaves the cranium

-Rough projection inferior and posterior to external acoustic meatus
-attachment site for muscles

-most posterior bone of the cranium

-site of articulation of occipital bone and parietal bones

-large opening in base of occipital, which allows the spinal cord to join with the brain

-rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas)

-opening medial and superior to the occipital condyle through which the hypoglossal nerve pass

-midline prominences posterior to the foramen magnum

Bat-shaped bone forming the anterior plateau of the middle cranial fossa across the width of the skull.
-articulates with all the other cranial bones

-portions of the sphenoid seen exteriorly anterior to the temporal and forming a part of the eye orbits

-inferiorly directed trough-shaped projections from the junction of the body and the greater wings

-jagged openings in orbits provding passages for cranial nerves III, IV, V, and VI to enter the orbit where they serve the eye

- saddle shaped region in the sphenoid midline

-bat shaped portions of the sphenoid bone anterior to the sella turcica

- openings in the bases of the lesser wings through which the optic nerve (cranial nerve II) enter the orbits to serve the eyes

- opening lateral to the sella turcica providing passage for a branch of the fifth cranial nerve

opening posterior to the sella turcica that allows passage of the fifth cranial nerve.

opening lateral to the foramen ovale which the meningeal artery passes

irregularly shaped bone anterior to the sphenoid

vertical projection providing a point of attachment for the dura meter, helping to secure the brain within the skull

bony plates lateral to the crista galli through which olfactory fibers pass to the brain

inferior projection of the ethmoid bone that forms the superior part of the nasal septum

irregularly shaped and thin-walled bony regions flanking the perpendicular plate laterally

the lower jawbone, which articulates with the temporals in the only freely movable joints of the skull

horizontal portion; forms the chin

vertical extension of the body on either side

articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

jutting anterior portion off the ramus
-site of muscle attachment

posterior point at which ramus meets the body

-prominent opening on the body that transmits the mental blood vessels and nerve to the lower jaw

-permis passage of the nerve involved with tooth sensation

superior margin of the mandible, contains sockets in which the teeth lie

-two bones fused in a median suture
-forms the upper jawbone and parts of the orbits

-from the anterior hard palate; meets medially in the intermaxillary suture

-opening under the prbit carrying the infraorbital nerves and blood vessels to the nasal region

-fingernail sized bones forming part of the medial orbit walls between the maxilla and the ethmoid bone

-paired bones posterior to the palatine processes