Three parts of the Axial skeleton
![card image](http://cnx.org/content/m43146/latest/graphics4.png)
1.The Skull
2.The Vertebral Column
3.The Thoracic Cage
Cranial Bones
![card image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Illu_cranial_bones.jpg)
-encloses and protects the fragile brain tissue
Facial Bones
-supports the eyes and position them anteriorly
-provides attachment sites for facial muscles
All but one of the bones of the skull are joined by interlocking joints called ____________.
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/1126/flashcards/855578/jpg/sagittal-suture.jpg)
Sutures
The mandible, or lower jawbone is attached to the rest of the skull by a _______________.
freely movable joint
Cranial Vault/Calvaria
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/279/flashcards/1914279/jpg/superior_view_of_cranial_fossae1351009756478.jpg)
-the superior, lateral, and posterior walls of the skull
Cranial Base
![card image](../uploads/640/82/_93bbdae_1478b1bb9a7__8000_00000084.gif)
-forms the skull bottom
What are the three distinct depressions of the cranial base?
![card image](http://dc434.4shared.com/doc/UI3yTfGk/preview_html_56eec0c3.png)
1.Anterior cranial fossae
2.Middle cranial fossae
3.Posterior cranial fossae
Frontal Bone
![card image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Frontal_bone_lateral3.png)
-anterior portion of cranium
-forms the forehead
Supraorbital foramen (notch)
![card image](https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2263/2335183999_570b9c04a1.jpg)
-opening above each orbit allowing blood vessels and nerves to pass
Glabella
![card image](http://medicine.academic.ru/pictures/medicine/657.jpg)
-smooth area between the eyes
Parietal Bone (2)
![card image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Parietal_bone_lateral2.png)
-posterolateral to the frontal bone, forming sides of the cranium
Sagittal Suture
![card image](http://img.tfd.com/mosbycam/thumbs/500227-fx6.jpg)
-midline articulation point of the two parietal bones
Coronal Suture
![card image](http://img.tfd.com/mosbycam/thumbs/500069-fx38.jpg)
-point of articulation of parietals with frontal bone
Temporal Bone
![card image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Temporal_bone_lateral5.png/250px-Temporal_bone_lateral5.png)
-inferior to parietal bone on lateral skull
What are the three major parts of the temporal bone?
![card image](http://o.quizlet.com/K5g-BRx.HEE9rECbod8kDQ_m.png)
1. Squamous part
-border the parietals
2.Tympanic part
-surrounds the external ear opening
3.Petrous
-forms the lateral portion of the skull base and contains the mastoid process
Squamous Suture
![card image](http://studydroid.com/imageCards/00/3v/card-130228-front.jpg)
-point of articulation of the temporal bone with the parietal bone
Zygomatic Process
![card image](http://www.drcink.net/skeleton/zygomaticprocess.jpg)
- bridgelike projection joining the zygomatic bone (cheekbone) anteriorly
Mandibular Fossa
![card image](http://skullanatomy.info/norma%20basalis/Norma%20Basalis%20Pix/basalis_Mandib_fossa.jpg)
-rounded depression on the inferior surface of the zygomatic process
-forms the socket for the condylar process of the mandible
-where the mandible joins the lower cranium
External Acoustic Meatus
![card image](http://static.memrise.com/uploads/mems/391409000120514175128.jpg)
-canal leading to eardrum and middle ear
Styloid Process
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/222/flashcards/1764222/jpg/styloid_process1352503551308.jpg)
-needlelike projection inferior to external acoustic meatus
-attachment point for muscles and ligaments of the neck
Jugular Foramen
![card image](../uploads/641/83/_93bbdae_1478b1bb9a7__8000_00000085.gif)
-opening medial to the styloid process through which the internal jugular vein and cranial nerves IX, X, and XI pass
Carotid Canal
![card image](http://anatomypic.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/ethmoid-bone-in-skull-6.jpg)
-opening medial to the styloid through which the internal carotid artery passes into the cranial cavity
Internal Acoustic Meatus
![card image](http://o.quizlet.com/i/wzIsf6xYkZTEVlXOaUDN5Q_m.jpg)
-opening on posterior aspect (or petrous part) of temporal bone allowing passage of cranial nerves
Foramen Lacerum
![card image](http://www.drcink.net/skeleton/foramenlacerum.jpg)
-jagged opening between the petrous temporal bone and the sphenoid providing passage for a number of small nerves and for the internal carotid artery to enter the middle cranial fossa
Stylomastoid Foramen
![card image](../uploads/642/84/_93bbdae_1478b1bb9a7__8000_00000086.gif)
-tiny opening between the mastoid and styloid processes through which cranial nerve VII leaves the cranium
Mastoid Process
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/513/flashcards/2614513/jpg/mastoid_process1360211159848.jpg)
-Rough projection inferior and posterior to external acoustic meatus
-attachment site for muscles
Occipital Bone
![card image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Occipital_bone_lateral4.png/250px-Occipital_bone_lateral4.png)
-most posterior bone of the cranium
Lambdoid Suture
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/30/flashcards/3375030/png/lambdoid_suture1360627162269-14160F3DA2958D126E8.png)
-site of articulation of occipital bone and parietal bones
Foramen Magnum
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/295/flashcards/717295/jpg/foramen_magnum1316639204247.jpg)
-large opening in base of occipital, which allows the spinal cord to join with the brain
Occipital Condyles
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/162/flashcards/2046162/png/occipital_condyle1359270812130.png)
-rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas)
Hypoglossal Canal
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/523/flashcards/2702523/jpg/hypoglossal_canal1360173037103.jpg)
-opening medial and superior to the occipital condyle through which the hypoglossal nerve pass
External Occipital Crest and Protuberance
![card image](http://www.infovisual.info/03/img_en/018%20Base%20of%20skull%20(exterior%20view).jpg)
-midline prominences posterior to the foramen magnum
Sphenoid Bone
![card image](http://img.tfd.com/MosbyMD/thumb/sphenoid_bone.jpg)
Bat-shaped bone forming the anterior plateau of the middle cranial fossa across the width of the skull.
-articulates with all the other cranial bones
Greater Wings
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/13/flashcards/1203013/jpg/skull_greater_wing_of_sphenoid_bone1349711762086.jpg)
-portions of the sphenoid seen exteriorly anterior to the temporal and forming a part of the eye orbits
Pterygoid Processes
![card image](http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_i4f5qTnXK2I/TH5O6vcaCCI/AAAAAAAAAUM/vRdGKesYM0E/s1600/sphenoid+bone+1.jpg)
-inferiorly directed trough-shaped projections from the junction of the body and the greater wings
Superior Orbital Fissures
![card image](http://www.memrise.com/s3_proxy/?f=uploads/mems/4208064000130617065059.jpeg)
-jagged openings in orbits provding passages for cranial nerves III, IV, V, and VI to enter the orbit where they serve the eye
Sella Turcica
![card image](http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ElbfqWqwhAo/Tk9jm7jnOQI/AAAAAAAAAt4/15oNnuKnTmM/s1600/Sella+turcica+3.jpg)
- saddle shaped region in the sphenoid midline
Lesser Wings
![card image](http://img.tfd.com/MosbyMD/thumb/sphenoid_bone.jpg)
-bat shaped portions of the sphenoid bone anterior to the sella turcica
Optic Canals
![card image](http://test.classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/293/flashcards/476293/jpg/optic_canal.jpg)
- openings in the bases of the lesser wings through which the optic nerve (cranial nerve II) enter the orbits to serve the eyes
Foramen Rotundum
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/197/flashcards/4858197/png/foramen-rotundum-144576F66C705EAB1D7.png)
- opening lateral to the sella turcica providing passage for a branch of the fifth cranial nerve
Foramen Ovale
![card image](http://www.upright-health.com/images/inside-skull-base.jpg)
opening posterior to the sella turcica that allows passage of the fifth cranial nerve.
Foramen Spinosum
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/181/flashcards/305181/png/foramen-spinosum-142DE3116724A5E8BA6.png)
opening lateral to the foramen ovale which the meningeal artery passes
Ethmoid Bone
![card image](http://img.tfd.com/MosbyMD/thumb/ethmoid_bone.jpg)
irregularly shaped bone anterior to the sphenoid
Crista Galli
![card image](http://skullanatomy.info/BASALIS_INT/Landmarks/Basalis_Int_Crista_Galli.jpg)
vertical projection providing a point of attachment for the dura meter, helping to secure the brain within the skull
Cribriform Plates
![card image](http://o.quizlet.com/i/xI0mu_DRQkGLnAgQ8nDgsw_m.jpg)
bony plates lateral to the crista galli through which olfactory fibers pass to the brain
Perpendicular Plate
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/21/flashcards/3642021/png/perpendicular_plate1340044909656-140E0C911702AB42D43.png)
inferior projection of the ethmoid bone that forms the superior part of the nasal septum
Lateral Masses
irregularly shaped and thin-walled bony regions flanking the perpendicular plate laterally
Mandible
![card image](http://img.tfd.com/MosbyMD/thumb/mandible.jpg)
the lower jawbone, which articulates with the temporals in the only freely movable joints of the skull
Mandibular body
![card image](http://img.tfd.com/MosbyMD/thumb/mandible.jpg)
horizontal portion; forms the chin
Mandibular Ramus
![card image](http://img.tfd.com/MosbyMD/thumb/mandible.jpg)
vertical extension of the body on either side
Condylar Process
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/328/flashcards/367328/jpg/mandible-anatomy-1-300x2281314220016278.jpg)
articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
Coronoid Process
![card image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Coronoid_process_of_mandible_-_lateral_view.png)
jutting anterior portion off the ramus
-site of muscle attachment
Mandibular Angle
![card image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Mandibular_angle_-_lateral_view.png/250px-Mandibular_angle_-_lateral_view.png)
posterior point at which ramus meets the body
Mental Foramen
![card image](http://dnaconsultants.com/images/sklatman6.jpg)
-prominent opening on the body that transmits the mental blood vessels and nerve to the lower jaw
Mandibular Foramen
![card image](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Mandibular_foramina.jpg)
-permis passage of the nerve involved with tooth sensation
Alveolar Process
![card image](http://www.dent-wiki.com/img/xldent-12.jpg.pagespeed.ic.SdI5dZkGN8.jpg)
superior margin of the mandible, contains sockets in which the teeth lie
Maxillae
![card image](http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CmR61sucXGg/URVkHFc6Y2I/AAAAAAAAAL4/7uGxw_kTPj4/s1600/maxilla.jpg)
-two bones fused in a median suture
-forms the upper jawbone and parts of the orbits
Palatine Processes
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/248/flashcards/1935248/png/palatine-process1350490655801.png)
-from the anterior hard palate; meets medially in the intermaxillary suture
Infraorbital Foramen
![card image](https://ankiweb.net/shared/mpreview/3468774072/0.jpg)
-opening under the prbit carrying the infraorbital nerves and blood vessels to the nasal region
Lacrimal Bone
![card image](http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/197/flashcards/4858197/png/lacrimal-bone-14436918B251451B6AF.png)
-fingernail sized bones forming part of the medial orbit walls between the maxilla and the ethmoid bone
Palatine Bone
![card image](http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CW-tZnZMeoY/TVuQ7xT6CyI/AAAAAAAACB0/Pz_SpFUq_lk/s1600/Inferior%2Bnasal%2Bbone%2Band%2BPalatine%2Bbone.png)
-paired bones posterior to the palatine processes