Plants Flashcards

The triploid food storage tissue of angiosperms is called the...
suspensor
endospem
ground meristem
proembryo
procambruim

Annual rings in a tree truck result from differences in...
-deposition of colored materials in the oldest cells
-the growth rate and water availability of secondary xylem at different seasons
-the amount of heartwood and sapwood
-the kind of cells, xylem or phloem, produced by the cambuim
-the proportion of wood cells and cork cells in xylem

Which division is not a seedless vascular plant?
-coniferophyta
-psilophyta
-pterophyta
-spenophyta
-lycophyta

If you examined a cross section of woody stem under the microscope and located the vascular cambium, everything inside (towards the center of the stem) of the vascular cambium ring would be...
-xylem (primary and secondary)
-xylem ( only primary)
-phloem (primary and secondary)
-phloem (secondary only)
-xylem and phloem since vascular cambium is only one cell in thickness

Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma are all cells of?
Meristem tissue
ground tissue
vascular cambium tissue
cork cambium tissue
epidermal tissue

Which of the following is not one of the seven major plant hormones?
auxin
nitrogen oxide
cytokinin
gibberellin
ethylene

Double fertilization in angiosperms is best described as?
-one sperm fertilizes the egg, which develops into the seed, and the other sperm fertilizes the ovary, which becomes the fruit
-one sperm fertilizes the egg, which develops into the seed, and the other sperm fertilizes the polar nuclei, which forms the endosperm
-one sperm fertilizes the egg, which develops into the seed, and the other sperm fertilizes the polar nuclei, which forms the seed coat
-one sperm fertilizes the egg, which develops into the seed, and the other sperm produces the pollen tube

Well-developed vascular systems are absent in all of the following except..?
Hepatophyta
Brophyta
Chlorophyta
Charophytes
Pterophytes

Which of the following types of plants are incapable of self-pollination?
dioecious
monoecious
complete
wind-pollinated
insect-pollinated

The colorless root-like projections of mosses, liverworts, and hornworts, which anchor them to the substrate are called?
Rhizoids
tap root
fibrous roots
specialized roots
storage roots

The three most limiting essential elements are?
N,C,K
Mg,N,P
N,P,K
C,H,O

Pollen grains are formed in the anther of the flower. The correct sequence is
-Diploid microspore mother cells divide by meiosis to four haploid microscopes. Each microspore develops into a pollen grain by mitosis
-Haploid microspore mother cells divide by meiosis to four haploid microscopes. Each microspore develops into a pollen grain by mitosis
-Diploid microspore mother cells divide by mitosis to four haploid microscopes. Each microspore develops into a pollen grain by meiosis
-Haploid microspore mother cells divide by mitosis to four haploid microscopes. Each microspore develops into a pollen grain by meiosis

The gametophyte is green and nutritionally independent in
bryophytes
angiosperms
conifers
cycads

The structure of a mature, functional fruit always includes..
-one or more seeds
-extensive vascular connections to the parent plant
-fleshy cells rich in sugars
-brightly colored pigments to attract animal dispersers
-subtending bracts to protect against predators

all of the following are a plant adaptation to life on land except?
tracheids and vessels
root hairs
cuticle
the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis
collenchyma

A plant developed a mineral deficiency after being treated with a fungicide. What is the most probable cause of the deficiency?
-Mineral receptor proteins in the plant membrane were not functioning.
-Mycorrhizal fungi were killed.
-Active transport of minerals was inhibited.
-The genes for the synthesis of transport proteins were destroyed.
-Proton pumps reversed the membrane potential.

Somewhat elongated supporting cells with unevenly thickened cell walls, in strands beneath the epidermis, are
Collenchyma
Parenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Sieve Elements
Tracheary Elements

Which of the following is the male gametophyte of a flowering plant/
ovule
microsporocyte
pollen grain
embryo sac
stamen

Most adult tracheophyte plants represent the?
A. epiphyte generation.
B. sporophyte generation.
C. spore generation.
D. gametophyte generation.
E. angiosperm generation.

Which of the following does not represent a major innovation of plants as they moved to and evolved on land?
formation of a cuticle
development of stomata
protected spores and gametes
the use of chlorophyll a and b
roots, stems, and leaves

The following sentence is correctly completed using which of the following choices? The globular stage of a plant embryo development give rise to...
heart-shaped embryo in the dicot
the suspensor of the germinating seed
a ball with a budge in conifers
rhizoids in Fucus
double fertilization in angiosperms

Fern spores germinate into_____?
-gametophytes which are often heart-shaped and have rhizoids that anchor the fern to the substrate
-gametophytes which are often heart-shaped and have roots that anchor the fern to the substrate
-sporoophytes which are often heart-shaped and have rhizoids that anchor the fern to the substrate
-sporoophytes which are often heart-shaped and have roots that anchor the fern to the substrate

____is to xylem as _____ is to phloem
sclerenchyma cell; collenchyma cell
apical meristem; vascular cell
Vessel element; sieve-tube member
cortex; pith
vascular cambium; cork cambium

Which of the following is not one of the whorls of a complete flower
A. gynoecium containing carpels
B. androecium containing stamens
C. corolla containing petals
D. calyx containing the sepals
E. embryo containing zygotes

Which one of the following is not a part of the embryo sac (angiosperm female gametophyte)?
Generative cell
antipodals
polar nuclei
syngergids
egg

Which of these common "veggies" should technically be called a "fruit"

potato
carrot
lettuce
string bean
celery

Secondary xylem and phloem in tracheophyte seed plants allow for
A. increased girth later in their development.
B. increased root penetration in drier habitats.
C. increased leaf expansion and elongation.
D. increased production of flowers and fruits.
E. increased production of rhizoids at their root tips.

Another name for a scale in a gymnosperm strobilus is
-an aleurone
-a hypocotyl
-a sporophyll
-a scutellum
-an amyloplast

Plants that flower year after year are called?
annuals
biennials
perennials
monocots
dicots

The steps involved in the fertilization of angiosperm flowers include all of the following except
A. pollen is transported to a stigma of a flower.
B. when pollen reaches the stigma of a flower, it begins to grow a pollen tube that pierces the style.
C. the style of the pistil contracts to bring the sperm closer to the embryo sac.
D. the pollen tube grows until it reaches the ovule in the ovary.
E. double fertilization produces an embryo and the endosperm.

A water molecule could move all the way through a plant from soil to root to leaf to air and pass through a living cell only once. This living cell would be a part of which structure?
A) the Casparian strip
B) a guard cell
C) the root epidermis
D) the endodermis
E) the root cortex

A perfect flower is fertile, but may be either complete or incomplete. Which of the following correctly describes a perfect flower?
A) It has no sepals.
B) It has fused carpels.
C) It is on a dioecious plant.
D) It has no endosperm.
E) It has both stamens and carpels.

A birdhouse is nailed into a tree 6 feet up from the ground. If the tree grows about 2 feet taller each year, where will the birdhouse be 25 years later?
A. 50 feet
B. 56 feet
C. 26 feet
D. 6 feet
E. 4 feet

Which gaseous hormone stimulates the ripening of fruit?
abscisic acid
gibberellin
auxin
ethylene
cytokinin

Which of the following combinations of plant nutrients make up about 94% of a plant's dry weight?
a. nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium
b. carbon, iron, and phosphorus
c. calcium, chlorine, and manganese
d. zinc, oxygen, and boron
e. carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen

Most carbohydrates manufactured in leaves and other green parts are distributed through the phloem to the rest
A-transpiration
B-translocation
C-osmosis
D-receptor mediated transport
E-turgor pressure

Angiosperms are primarily characterized by all of the following except...
A-ovules are enclosed within other tissues at the time of pollination
B-a seed develops within a carpel
C-the ovary matures into the fruit
D-free water is required for pollination
E-bear flowers which are modified stems bearing modified leaves

the name of the meristematic tissue that gives rise to future vascular tissue is?
Procambruim
cork cambium
ground meristem
dermal tissue
protoderm

The seed leaves that are produced by embryonic cells and are formed from bulges on the embryo are called?
radicles
embryo sacs
petioles
cotyledons
ovules

At the Farmers' Market, which of these fruits would you select as examples of drupes?
oranges and lemons
peaches and plums
strawberries and blackberries
blueberries and tomatoes
grapes and peppers

Evolutionarily, floral parts are modified
stems
leaves
roots
stolons
buds

PLants contain meristems whose major function is to
Attract pollinators
absorb ions
photosynthesize
produce more cells
produce flowers

Microspore mother cells produce microspores that develop into
egg cells
pollen grains
synergids
endosperm
megaspores

A lateral root is initiated from the
cork cambium
pith ray
procambium
pericycle
cortex

Which cells are characterized by thin cell walls, the largest vacuoles, and the least specialization?
epidermis
collenchyma
sclerenchyma
parenchyma
meristem

Linen is woven from strands of sclerenchyma____ that occur in the phloem of flax
tracheid
sieve
sclerid
sollenchyma
fiber

Gas exchange, which is necessary for photosynthesis, can only occur most easily in which leaf tissure?
epidermis
palisade mesophyll
spongy mesophyll
vascular tissue
bundle sheath

What is the main force by which most of the water within xylem vessels move toward the top of a tree?
A) active transport of ions into the stele
B) atmospheric pressure on roots
C) evaporation of water through stoma
D) the force of root pressure
E) osmosis in the root

ON a short-term basis, water loss in plants may be controlled by the?
A. bending of the petioles on the leaves.
B. closing of the stele in the roots.
C. closing of the stomates in the leaves
D. opening of the stomates in the leaves to allow more carbon dioxide to enter.
E. opening the casparian strips in the roots.

All of the following normally enter the plant through the roots except
Carbon dioxide
nitrogen
potassium
water
calcium

Which naturally-occurring plant hormone has a major roles in the phototrophic response of plants?
auxin
gibberellin
asbscisic acid
ethylene
2, 4-D