Human Anatomy & Physiology: Urinary System Flashcards

Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each kidney is the

The apex of the renal pyramid is called the

The major calyces of the kidney converge to form an enlarged channel called the

The basic histological and functional unit of the kidney is the

Order as fluid flows from the filtration membrane through the nephron

The tuft of capillaries in the renal corpuscle is called the

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is formed where the __________ projects between the afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole next to Bowman's capsule.

Collectively, the capillary epithelium, basement membrane, and podocytes form the

The part of a nephron between Bowman's capsule and the loop of Henle is the

The __________ are specialized portions of the peritubular capillaries that extend deep into the medulla of the kidney.

order in which a drop of blood from the interlobular artery passes through

The triangular area of the urinary bladder between the two ureters posteriorly and the urethra anteriorly is the

Skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor is the

Active transport of substances from the blood into the nephron is called

The movement of substances from the filtrate back into the blood of the peritubular capillaries is called

The part of the total cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is called the

The part of the plasma volume that passes through the filtration membrane is the

Which of these substances normally cannot pass through the filtration membrane?

Of the filtrate that enters the nephron, about what percent is reabsorbed during urine formation?

A decrease in plasma proteins results in

As filtrate moves through the thin segment of the descending limb of the loop of Henle, water moves __________ the nephron, and solutes move __________ the nephron.

During tubular reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the nephron, most solutes are moved across the apical membrane by __________ , and across the basal membrane by __________ .

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is __________ to water.

The percentage of filtrate volume reabsorbed in the proximal tubule is

The permeability of the distal tubule and the collecting duct is controlled by

At which of these locations is the osmolality of the filtrate the highest?

Renal tubules are __________ permeable to urea than they are to water, therefore urea concentration in the tubules __________ .

Urea diffuses out of the __________ , and into the __________ .

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete

Drinking a large amount of beer results in

Angiotensin II causes

When the tubular load of a substance exceeds the tubular maximum, that substance will

After urine is produced in the kidney, it leaves the kidney via the:

The structural and functional unit of the kidney is the __________.

Which vessel delivers blood directly to the glomerular capillaries?

Fluid (filtrate) that has moved through the proximal tubule then moves into what part of the nephron?

The descending limb of the loop of Henle is highly permeable to __________, but not to __________.

n the juxtaglomerular apparatus, what cells monitor and respond to changes in the osmolarity (or electrolyte concentration) of the filtrate in the tubules

The proximal tubule cells are highly permeable to __________.

The late distal tubule and cortical collecting duct contain two functional types of cells. Which cells change their permeability in response to hormones?

The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is highly permeable to ____________, but not to ____________.

The renal corpuscle consists of two parts, the glomerular capillaries and __________.