(CH2O)n
carbohydrates
1 micro-meter organism
prokaryote
2 types of prokaryotic cells.....bacteria & archaea........how are different & simular?
Simular- they both possess prokaryotic cells diff- They have different chemicals in their cell walls.
10nm organism
virus
ability to distinguish between two points
resolution
alcohol decolorizer
alcohol-acetone
algae
Cell wall made of cellulose, photosynthetic
allow a cell to survive
endospore
Archaea
Prokaryote without peptidoglycan cell wall
Baccili-
rod shaped
Bacteria
Cell wall made of peptidoglycan
bond between electron donor and acceptor
ionic bond
bond between H and O in H2O
covalent bond
bond between molecules of water
hydrogen bond
capitalized in a scientific name
genus
causes diseases
pathogenic
cell wall of chitin
Fungi
chemical process
dehydration or synthesis
chemical process that creates smaller molecules
hydrolysis or digestion
chemical reactions in a cell
metabolism
CHONPS
Carbon,Hydrogen,Oxygen,Nitrogen,Phosphorus, Sulfur
Coccus-
spherical
coined the word vaccination to honor another scientist
Pasteur
contains 3 fatty acids and glycerol
triglycero
contains amino and carboxyl group
protein
Corkscrew or curved
spiral
decomposition of molecules and synthesis of new molecules from their subunits
exchange reaction
Describe 2 types of endocytosis
phagocytosis-used by WBC to destroy bacteria & foreign substances.pinocytosis-the plasma membrane folds inward, bringing extracellular fluid into the cell, along w/whatever substances are dissolved in the fluid.
Determine atoms reactivity
valence
Developed vaccination against smallpox
Jenner
Diplo-
2
Discovered Penicillin
Flemming
Disproved spontaneous generation
Pasteur
EID's
emerging infectious disease
encloses cytoplasm
plasma membrane
endospores is called
sporogenesis
engulfing of large particles through plasma membrane
endocytosis
Even though the germ theory of disease was not demonstrated until 1876, why did Semmelweis (1840) and Lister (1867) argue for the use of aseptic techniques?
Though the theory was not completely known, Semmelweis and Lister observed healthier or more positive results from their patients with their new procedures.
Explained fermentation
Pasteur
Find at least three supermarket products made by microorganisms. (Hint: The label will state the scientific name of the organism or include the word culture, fermented, or brewed.)
Yogurt, beer, cheese.
first stain in gram stain
crystal violet
First to use disinfectants in surgical procedures
Lister
Formation of new cell from an endospore is
germination
formed by shared electrons
covalent bond
forms secondary structure of proteins
Hydrogen bond
Fungi
cell wall made of chitin
Giraffes, termites, and koalas eat only plant matter. Since animals cannot digest cellulose, how do you suppose these animals get nutrition from the leaves and wood that they ingest?
The animals have cellulose-degrading bacteria in specialized stuctures in the digestive tracts.
had monomers of amino acids
protein
has membrane bound nucleus
Eukaryote
have DNA or RNA
virus
Helminths
Multicellular cells
Helminths belong to this kingdom
Animal
helps a stain stick to an organism
mordant
How did the theory of biogenesis led the way for the germ theory of disease?
Koch would then be able to hypothesize what may be causing a disease (a living organism) enabling him to conjecture what he should observe in a sick host.
In Gram stain, one step could be omitted and still allow between gram-positive and gram-negative cells. What is that one step?
Step 1 can be omitted. Safranin can be omitted.
includes bacteria and archea
prokaryote
inorganic compound
water
last name is a scientific name
species
lens in the eyepiece
ocular
lens in the nosepiece
objective
light silhouette of organism seen against dark background
darkfield microscope
main component of plasma membrane
phospholipid molecule
maximum magnification 2000x
light micropscope
microscope with greatest magnification and resolution
darkfield micrscope
molecule that releases hydrogen ions
acid
mono, polysaccharides
carbohydrate
monomer of nucleic acid
nucleotide
most common microscope in microbiology
light microscope
passive diffusion that requires transporter proteins
facilitated diffusion
People believed all microbial disease would be controlled during the twentieth century. List three reasons why we are identifying new diseases now.
Microorganisms are ubiquitous; it would take a great effort to catalogue all the species.Microorganisms mutate into different strains; thus new diseases are created. With the leaps of technology, people may now engineer new strains.
polypeptide
Protein
products revert to reactants
reversible reaction
Prokaryote with cell wall of peptidoglycan
Bacteria
protect bacteria from antibiotics
biofilms
protozoa
unicellular, complex cell structure lacking a cell wall
proved that microorganisms can cause disease
Koch
provides some protection from phagocytes
glycocalyx
red stain used in acid-fast process
carbofuchsin
rod-like
Bacilli
selective permeability
plasma membrane
site of protein synthesis
ribosomes
smallest unit of life
cell
smallest unit of matter
atom or element
Staphylo-
cluster
Strepto-
chain
sugar, cellulose, chitin
Carbohydrates
Strepto-
chain
Tetrad-
4
The smallest eukaryotic cell is the motile alga Micromonas. What is the minimum number of organelles this alga must have?
Nucleus, mitochondrion, chloroplast, flagellum
transports a substance down the concentration gradient
simple diffusion
transports a substance from a lower to a higher concentration
active transport
Unicellular prokaryote living in extreme environments
Archaea
used for motility
flagella
Used the first synthetic chemotherapeutic agent
Elrich
used to keep a sterile environment
aseptic techniques
utilizes UV source
fluorescence microscope
Viruses
not composed of cells
weakest bond
Hydrogen bond
What happens to the relative amount of unsaturated lipids in the plasma membrane when E.Coli grown at 25 C are then grown at 37 C?
The amount of unsaturates decreases, and the amount of saturated lipids increases
when E. Coli..........Which requires ATP?
increases intracelluar solute concentration bringing it closer to that of the hyperosmotic excellular environment & thus reducing the severity of plasmolysis.