Generally longer coast type
Erosional coast (vs a depositional coast)
The underwater feature deltas indicate
Continental shelf presence
Fjords
valleys that were formed by glaciers and are now inundated by sea/ocean water
Fjaerds/fjards
large open spaces of water between groups of islands or between mainland and islands in archipelagos
Arheic
coasts in arid regions: without surface runoff to coasts
Karst
Regions with caves due to soluble bedrock (limestone; salt
What clastic beaches are regulated by
Sediment budgets (supply, accumulation, erosion, redistribution)
- Glacial erosion means no available sediment
- Frost shattering erosion dominates
- Not much overland flow
MANGROVES
various species of trees & shrubs that grow in saline
coastal sediment habitats in the tropics and subtropics
Local Rising sea level term
Transgession
Local Lowering sea level term
Regression
Global sea level rising and lowering terms
Eustatic and isostatic sea level change
Cause of eustatic sea level change
Continent static, water rises/falls
Cause of isostatic sea level change
Continent moves, water static
Effects of rising sea level on coast
Cliff erosion
Beach platform gradient and length and position
(landward)
New underwater sand bars and berms
Flood vs ebb
Tide moving in vs out
Mean Sea Level
Arithmetic mean of the hourly averaged sea levels over a 19-yr cycle
Spring vs neap tide
Spring:
- Max 2/month
- Sun & Moon in same plane: full moon and new moon
- More extreme
Neap:
- 7 days after spring tide
- First & last quarter Moons
- Sun & Moon at right angles to each other relative to Earth
Semidiurnal tides
Periods of half a tidal day, norm worldwide
Diurnal tides
One high and one low per day
Common cause of large tsunamis
Earthquakes
What does this measure?
Surface resistance
How barrier island is made and where we now find coal
The barrier islands are made of deposited sand and clay, and we now find coal where there used to be marshes