Hypothalamus
Releasing hormones: Activate release of anterior pituitary gland hormones
Inhibiting hormones: Inhibit release of anterior pituitary gland hormones
Kidney
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH/Vasopression): Conserves water by stimulating its reabsorption from urine
Uterus
Oxytocin: Stimulates contraction
Mammary Glands
Prolactin: Stimulates milk production
Mammary Glands
Oxytocin: Stimulates milk ejection
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): Stimulates secretion of adrenal cortical hormones such as cortisol
Skin
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH): Stimulates color change in reptiles and amphibians; various functions in mammals
Bone
Calcitonin: Inhibits loss of calcium from bone
Many Organs
Growth hormone (GH): Stimulates growth by promoting bone growth, protein synthesis, and fat breakdown
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone: Stimulates thyroxine secretion
Gonads
Luteinizing hormone (LH): Stimulates ovulation and corpus luteum formation in females; stimulates secretion of testosterone in males
Gonads
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Stimulates spermatogenesis in males; stimulates development of ovarian follicles in females
Most Cells
Thyroxine & Triiodothyronine: Stimulate metabolic rate; essential to normal growth and development
Smooth & Cardiac Muscle, Blood Vessels
Epinephrine (adrenaline) & norepinephrine (noradrenaline): Initiate stress responses; raise heart rate, blood pressure, metabolic rate; dilate blood vessels; mobilize fat; raise blood, glucose level
Many Organs
Glucocorticoids(e.g.,cortisol): Adaptation to long-term stress; raise blood glucose level; mobilize fat
Kidney Tubules
Mineralocorticoids (e.g., aldosterone): Maintain proper balance of Na+ and K+in blood
Liver, Skeletal Muscles, Adipose
Insulin: Lowers blood glucose levels; stimulates glycogen, fat, protein synthesis
Liver, Adipose
Glucagon: Raises blood glucose level; stimulates breakdown of glycogen in liver
Female Reproductive Structures
Estradiol: Stimulates growth of sex organs at puberty and monthly preparation of uterus for pregnancy
General
Estradiol: Stimulates development of secondary sex characterisitics
Many Organs
Testosterone: Stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics in males & growth spurt at puberty
Testies
Testosterone: Stimulates development of sex organs' stimulates spermatogenesis
Pineal Gland
Melatonin: Regulates biological rhythms
Bone, Digestive Tract, Kidneys
Parathyroid hormone (PTH): Raises blood calcium level by stimulating bone breakdown; stimulates calcium reabsorption in kidneys; activates vitamin
Uterus
Completes preparation for pregnancy
Mammary Glands
Progesterone: Stimulates development of mammary glands