Zeno
outside the box thinking
Socrates
What do you know
Plato
theory of forms
Aristotle
golden mean
100 yr war effects
1)change in warfare: long bows instead of crossbows.
2) Peasant status rise: useful in battle
3) First weakening of feudle system: peasants can do noble stuff
feudle system
nobles=5% on top
peasants/serfs =95% on bottom
fight plague with
1) keep on clothes, don't bathe, don't change
2) be happy
3) be humble to God (priests got whipped through the streets spreading plague, stopped by pope)
plauge affect on attitude towards life
zest for life because i'm alive yay
amount killed by plague
25 to 50%
How did plague spread
South to North.
sea routes used b/c Persian empire dangerous. rats with plague fleas on board carried over and spread through interactions
plauge disease progression
1st = flu
2nd = black bumps
3rd = death on day 4
plague evolution
bubonic to pneumonic
movement of people
rural to urban
countryside to city
middle ages _ to renaissance
same/simillar
bad stuff and recovery patterns continue
antiquity
ancient roman/ greek literature
Humanism
1) Be the best at what you're good at to make God proud (well rounded = ideal)
2) antiquity
economic power
moves from Italy to hanseatic league after plague
hanseatic league
north west coast.
group of merchants
power industry
Wool and Silk (textiles)
printing, mining, metallurgy, banking
banking
rises b/c coins heavy checks better and harder to steal.
Noble privleges
2-3%, military officers, important political roles, educated
Book on noble behavior
Castiglione's The Book of Courtier
Book of Courtier
1) nobles must be born great with good talents, character, grace.
2) exercise b/c nobles fight wars
3) Classic education in art and music so diff from knights
4)EVERY THING FOR THE PRINCE (ROYALTY)
Peasants/town people
85-90%
Secularization of History
took out god and miracles and explained with reality.
manorialism trend
down because instead of just working pays wage to get out of debt and needed more to work more land
slavery low and unimportant
Black slaves by Portugeese
five main sates
milan, venice, Florence, Naples, Palpal States
Milan
duchy
centralized & well taxed
venice
republic
Florence
Olegarchy of merchants and nobles conquered by Medici. Shown as "republic"
CENTER OF CULTURE
Naples
Southern Italy kingdom
Palpal States
Urbino and Mantua = cultural ceters
states escaped control during great schism while pope away so renaissance is pope getting them back
Montefeltro
guy carved his nose b/c fighting
RENAISSANCE MAN (Did everything & patron of arts)
URBINO
Isabella d'Este
Smart woman, fashion icon, wrote letters, managed husband work while he was away
Ambassadors
severvants of chrsitanity to serve home. had affairs with high ranking wives for info
Machiavelli
PRINCE
His life was hard, ENDS JUSTIFY THE MEANS, PESSIMISTIC
love<fear, ORDER, ABANDONED MORALITY
HUmanism
italy culture
libral arts
based on humanities + antiquity
Petrach
father of humanism
took antiquty from Chruches and said renaissance diff from middle ages
leonardo BRUNI
civic humanism
Lorenzo VALLA
Literary factual critisism
FInco
Neoplatoism
noeplatoism
made Plato christian for medici
neoplatonic heiarchy
god on top. human in middle. plants on bottom.
GOAL=GO TO GOD
PICO Della MIRANDOLA
Oration on DIgnity of a Man
HUMANS GREAT w/ LOTS OF POTENTIAL
Vittorino da FELTRE
HUMANIST EDUCATION
Humanist education
for elite men, did pe, CHRISTIANITY & CLASICS
MANTUA, learn humanities+math music and astronomy
Prep for society
VIRTUE WiSDOM and PERSUASION are ipmportant b/c you convince others to do same
Pietro Paolo VERGIO
Concering Character
liberal arts will set you free