Pharm 45 Flashcards

The terms _____ and _____ refer to the absolute highest and lowest amounts of the medicine in the patient's system during a dosing cycle

What organisms are aminoglycosides used against?

gram-______ ______

How do you remember gram-negative rods?

Aminoglycosides are synergistic with which class of antibiotics?

___-______

Can aminoglycosides kill anaerobic bacteria?

aminoglycosides require ______ for uptake.

What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides?

They are (bactericidal/bacteriostatic) antibiotics that (reversibly/irreversibly) inhibit the initiation complex by binding to ______ → Blocks ______→ Misreading of mRNA

Aztreonam is synergistic with which class of antibiotics?

______

Gentamicin (and aminoglycosides in general) prevents bacterial protein synthesis by binding which structure?

A. 50S ribosomal subunit

B. 30S ribosomal subunit

C. Cell wall transpeptidase

D. DNA gyrase

What antimicrobial effect does gentamicin produce?

A. Rapid bacteriostatic activity

B. Delayed growth suppression

C. Bactericidal activity

D. Reversible enzyme inhibition

Gentamicin shows synergy against gram-positive bacteria when combined with:

A. β-lactams or vancomycin

B. Macrolides or tetracyclines

C. Sulfonamides or rifampin

D. Fluoroquinolones or azoles

Gentamicin demonstrates which pattern of bacterial killing?

A. Time-dependent killing

B. Concentration-dependent killing

C. Exposure-independent killing

D. Delayed bacteriostatic killing

Gentamicin continues suppressing bacteria after serum levels fall because of its:

A. Long elimination half-life

B. Significant post-antibiotic effect

C. Extensive hepatic storage

D. Persistent protein binding

A patient has sepsis from aerobic gram-negative bacteria. Which drug is indicated?

A. Streptomycin

B. Neomycin

C. Gentamicin

D. Spectinomycin

Gentamicin may provide synergistic therapy for streptococcal:

A. Pneumonia

B. Endocarditis

C. Meningitis

D. Cellulitis

Gentamicin primarily undergoes which clearance?

A. Biliary clearance

B. Hepatic clearance

C. Renal clearance

D. Mixed clearance

Which gentamicin toxicity is generally reversible?

A. Ototoxicity

B. Neuromuscular blockade

C. Nephrotoxicity

D. Hearing loss

Which gentamicin toxicity is generally irreversible?

A. Nephrotoxicity

B. Ototoxicity

C. Drug fever

D. Rash

Which additional toxicity can gentamicin cause?

A. Neuromuscular blockade

B. Tendon rupture

C. Drug fever

D. Hemolytic anemia

Which aminoglycoside is more active than gentamicin against Pseudomonas?

A. Amikacin

B. Streptomycin

C. Tobramycin

D. Neomycin

Tobramycin may differ from gentamicin by having:

A. More ototoxicity

B. Less nephrotoxicity

C. Lower Pseudomonas activity

D. Oral bioavailability

Which aminoglycoside resists many gentamicin-inactivating enzymes?

A. Amikacin

B. Neomycin

C. Streptomycin

D. Spectinomycin

Amikacin also resists enzymes that commonly inactivate:

A. Spectinomycin

B. Tobramycin

C. Neomycin

D. Streptomycin

Compared with gentamicin and tobramycin, amikacin requires:

A. Lower doses

B. Higher doses

C. Oral dosing

D. Once-weekly dosing

Amikacin requires what therapeutic drug targets?

A. Lower peaks and troughs

B. Higher peaks and troughs

C. Peak levels

D. Trough levels

Which aminoglycoside is particularly active against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)?

A. Tobramycin

B. Plazomicin

C. Neomycin

D. Streptomycin

Plazomicin resists many enzymes that inactivate:

A. Gentamicin and tobramycin

B. Streptomycin and neomycin

C. Amikacin and spectinomycin

D. Vancomycin and daptomycin

Plazomicin is administered using which schedule?

A. Every eight hours

B. Twice-daily dosing

C. Once-daily dosing

D. Every six hours

Which drug does not require target peak levels?

A. Gentamicin

B. Tobramycin

C. Amikacin

D. Plazomicin

Compared with gentamicin, plazomicin permits:

A. Lower acceptable troughs

B. Higher acceptable troughs

C. No trough monitoring

D. Zero serum troughs

Widespread resistance limits which aminoglycoside's general use?

A. Tobramycin

B. Streptomycin

C. Plazomicin

D. Amikacin

Streptomycin is administered by which route?

A. Intravenous

B. Oral

C. Intramuscular

D. Topical

One specific indication for streptomycin is __________.

Streptomycin is also specifically used for:

A. Streptococcal meningitis

B. Enterococcal endocarditis

C. Gonococcal urethritis

D. Staphylococcal cellulitis

Which aminoglycoside has poor systemic bioavailability?

A. Gentamicin

B. Amikacin

C. Neomycin

D. Plazomicin

Neomycin can be administered by which routes?

A. Oral or topical

B. IV or oral

C. IM or topical

D. IV or IM

Neomycin is used before bowel surgery to reduce:

A. Anaerobic flora

B. Aerobic flora

C. Fungal flora

D. Viral burden

Which drug is given intramuscularly for resistant gonorrhea?

A. Streptomycin

B. Spectinomycin

C. Neomycin

D. Gentamicin

Spectinomycin can treat gonorrhea in patients allergic to:

A. Vancomycin

B. Aminoglycosides

C. Penicillin

D. Tetracyclines

What is the sole listed clinical use of spectinomycin?

A. Resistant gonococcal infections

B. Gram-negative sepsis

C. Enterococcal endocarditis

D. Bowel decontamination

Spectinomycin is administered by which route?

A. Oral

B. Intravenous

C. Topical

D. Intramuscular

Streptomycin most severe side effect is loss of ______ function

How are aminoglycosides cleared?

______