Psych 4.7 Flashcards

Which statement best describes tobacco use in terms of behavioral disturbance?

A. It does not cause behavioral problems

B. It commonly causes violent behavior

C. It usually produces severe disinhibition

D. It routinely causes acute psychosis

Why may psychiatrists increasingly participate in treating tobacco use disorders?

A. Psychiatric patients rarely smoke

B. Many psychiatric patients smoke

C. Tobacco mortality is declining

D. Smoking has few medical consequences

What consequence of tobacco use increases concern among psychiatrists treating smokers?

A. Most smokers develop psychosis

B. Withdrawal is always fatal

C. Many smokers die from tobacco

D. Nicotine causes permanent delirium

As smoking becomes less common overall, remaining smokers are expected to increasingly have what?

A. Cardiovascular fitness

B. Lower nicotine dependence

C. Fewer medical illnesses

D. Psychiatric problems

Which development makes tobacco treatment increasingly practical for psychiatrists?

A. Multiple smoking-cessation medications

B. Elimination of nicotine dependence

C. Reduced need for counseling

D. Absence of withdrawal symptoms

What happens to cerebral blood flow shortly after nicotine exposure?

A. It remains unchanged

B. It increases

C. It completely stops

D. It progressively decreases

What happens to cerebral blood flow with long-term nicotine exposure?

A. It markedly increases

B. It remains unchanged

C. It decreases

D. It becomes highly variable

What general effect does nicotine have on the central nervous system?

A. Produces anesthesia

B. Causes CNS paralysis

C. Produces deep sedation

D. Has stimulatory effects

What effect does nicotine have on skeletal muscle?

A. It acts as a relaxant

B. It causes sustained rigidity

C. It produces muscle hypertrophy

D. It causes continuous contraction

A patient repeatedly experiences a strong desire to smoke cigarettes. Which tobacco-use-disorder feature is present?

_______

A patient continues using tobacco repeatedly despite trying to stop. Which diagnostic feature does this represent?

A. Acute intoxication

B. Behavioral remission

C. Persistent recurrent use

D. Passive dependence

A smoker requires increasing nicotine exposure to achieve the previous effect. Which feature is present?

_______

A daily smoker develops symptoms after abruptly stopping tobacco. Which diagnostic feature is demonstrated?

_______

Nicotine reinforces tobacco use by activating dopaminergic neurons in which brain region?

A. Locus ceruleus

B. Ventral tegmental area

C. Medullary reticular formation

D. Cerebellar cortex

When are tobacco-withdrawal symptoms usually most severe after smoking cessation?

A. First six hours

B. After one week

C. First 24–48 hours

D. After one month

Which approach is represented by Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange?

A. Aversive conditioning

B. Nicotine substitution

C. Exposure prevention

D. Five A's cessation approach

The “5 A's” approach to tobacco cessation is based on what counseling style?

A. Motivational interviewing

B. Psychoanalysis

C. Aversion conditioning

D. Supportive psychotherapy

Which therapy is the most widely accepted behavioral treatment for smoking?

A. Psychoanalytic therapy

B. Behavior therapy

C. Electroconvulsive therapy

D. Hypnotic therapy

In aversive smoking therapy, why does the patient smoke repeatedly and rapidly?

A. To increase nicotine tolerance

B. To prevent withdrawal

C. To associate smoking with nausea

D. To improve nicotine absorption

What is the overall benefit of nicotine-replacement therapy during smoking cessation?

A. Eliminates tobacco dependence permanently

B. Prevents all future cravings

C. Increases nicotine intoxication

D. Reduces withdrawal and doubles cessation

Why should acidic beverages be avoided around the time nicotine gum is used?

A. They decrease nicotine absorption

B. They increase nicotine toxicity

C. They trigger tobacco withdrawal

D. They accelerate nicotine metabolism

Which smoking-cessation medication is an antidepressant with dopaminergic and adrenergic actions?

A. Bupropion

B. Varenicline

C. Nicotine gum

D. Disulfiram

Bupropion can double quit rates in which smokers?

A. Only those with depression

B. Only those without depression

C. Smokers with or without depression

D. Only heavy daily smokers

Varenicline acts as a partial agonist at which receptor?

A. GABA-A receptor

B. Dopamine D2 receptor

C. NMDA receptor

D. α4β2 nicotinic ACh receptor

How does varenicline reduce the rewarding effects of smoking?

A. Reduces dopaminergic stimulation

B. Increases nicotine absorption

C. Blocks serotonin release

D. Increases nicotine metabolism

Which sex has the higher smoking rate?

Approximately what percentage of Americans smoke?

A. 5%

B. 10%

C. 14%

D. 25%

How many quit attempts do most smokers make?

A. One to two

B. Two to four

C. Ten to twenty

D. Five to ten

Why may tobacco use appeal to some patients with schizophrenia?

A. It increases sensory sensitivity

B. It causes complete sedation

C. It reduces sensory sensitivity

D. It eliminates hallucinations

What cognitive effect may smoking provide for some patients with schizophrenia?

A. Reduced memory

B. Reduced alertness

C. Slower processing

D. Increased concentration

Compared with nonsmokers, smokers tend to die approximately how much earlier?

A. Two years

B. Five years

C. Ten years

D. Twenty years

Tobacco smoke causes approximately what percentage of cancer deaths in the United States?

A. 10%

B. 15%

C. 20%

D. 30%

How is tobacco smoke described among carcinogens in the United States?

A. Single most lethal carcinogen

B. Minor environmental carcinogen

C. Rare occupational carcinogen

D. Weak dietary carcinogen

Among women, which cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death?

A. Breast cancer

B. Lung cancer

C. Ovarian cancer

D. Colon cancer

What is the approximate half-life of nicotine?

A. 30 minutes

B. One hour

C. Two hours

D. Six hours

A 60-mg nicotine dose can be fatal primarily through what mechanism?

A. Renal failure

B. Hepatic failure

C. Cardiac rupture

D. Respiratory paralysis

What effect does nicotine have on REM sleep?

A. It decreases REM sleep

B. It increases REM sleep

C. It has no effect

D. It eliminates all sleep

What are three treatment options for smoking cessation?

_____ replacement
_____
_____

What is the adverse effects of varenicline?

______ disturbance

_____ discomfort

What is the mechanism of action of varenicline?

Partial agonist at the ______ ______ receptor

Varenicline helps nicotine ______ decline.

Which atypical antidepressant has stimulant properties and a lower risk of sexual side effects and weight gain?

______

Which adverse effects can be caused by nicotine replacement therapy?

Oral _____
_____

Why is bupropion contraindicated for patients with bulimia nervosa?

Elevated risk of ______

What is the mechanism of action of bupropion?

Inhibits reuptake of ______
Inhibits reuptake of ______